Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/13 18:04:53」(JST)

wiki en

Chemoprophylaxis refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection.^[1] Antibiotics, for example, may be administered to patients with disorders of immune system function to prevent bacterial infections (particularly opportunistic infection).^[2] Antibiotics may also be administered to healthy individuals to limit the spread of an epidemic, or to patients who have repeated infections (such as urinary tract infections) to prevent recurrence.

In some cases, chemoprophylaxis is initiated to prevent the spread of an existing infection in an individual to a new organ system, as when intrathecal chemotherapy is administered in patients with malignancy to prevent further infection.

The use of chemoprophylaxis is limited primarily by two factors: risk and financial costs.

All medications have the potential to cause side effects. In general, chemoprophylaxis should be initiated only when the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks.
The cost associated with chemoprophylaxis may be prohibitive, particularly when the cost of treatment is high or the incidence of the target disease is low. Many forms of chemoprophylaxis are therefore not cost-effective.

Specific diseases

Using chemoprophylaxis as a treatment against early signs of tuberculosis has proven to be effective.^{[citation needed]} In familial adenomatous polyposis physicians observed polyps regression with NSAIDs for anti-inflammatory therapy.^{[citation needed]} Chemoprophylaxis is also used to treat several different varieties of meningococcal infections for close contact exposure to Neisseria meningitidis.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Woolf, Steven H.; Jonas, Steven; Kaplan-Liss, Evonne (2008), Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 346–358, ISBN 078177599X, http://books.google.com/books?id=rDEa3YLDfwwC&pg=PA346.
^ Golan, David E. (2008), Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p. 578, ISBN 0781783550, http://books.google.com/books?id=az8uSDkB0mgC&pg=PA578.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 細菌性心内膜炎に対する抗菌薬の予防投与 antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis
2. 成人における手術部位感染症予防のための予防的抗菌薬投与 antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection in adults
3. 人工関節感染の疫学および予防 epidemiology and prevention of prosthetic joint infections
4. 消化器内視鏡手技に対する抗菌薬予防投与 antibiotic prophylaxis for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures
5. 婦人科外科手術の術前評価および準備の概要 overview of preoperative evaluation and preparation for gynecologic surgery

English Journal

Systemic alkalinisation delays prostate cancer cell progression in TRAMP mice.

Astigiano S1, Puglisi A2, Mastracci L1,3, Fais S4, Barbieri O1,2.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):363-368. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1252760.
The microenvironment of solid tumours is extremely acidic and this condition arises since the precancerous stage. This acidic milieu could therefore provide a useful target for both prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. In TRAMP transgenic mice, an in vivo model of prostate adenocarcinoma (AC), o
PMID 28095711

Single palindromic molecular beacon-based amplification for genetic analysis of cancers.

Li F1, Zhao H1, Wang ZY2, Wu ZS3, Yang Z4, Li CC4, Xu H4, Lyu JX5, Shen ZF6.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2017 May 15;91:692-698. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.035. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
The detection of biomarkers is of crucial importance in reducing the morbidity and mortality of complex diseases. Thus, there is a great desire to develop highly efficient and simple sensing methods to fulfill the different diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Herein, using tumor suppressor p53 gene
PMID 28119250

Black tea: Phytochemicals, cancer chemoprevention, and clinical studies.

Singh BN1,2, Rawat AK1, Bhagat RM3, Singh BR4.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.2017 May 3;57(7):1394-1410. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.994700.
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is the most popular, flavored, functional, and therapeutic non-alcoholic drink consumed by two-thirds of the world's population. Black tea leaves are reported to contain thousands of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, amino acids, volatile compounds, and alkaloids
PMID 26561007

Japanese Journal

低リスク筋層非浸潤性膀胱癌に対する術後抗癌剤即時単回膀胱内注入療法の再発予防効果

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 63(5), 183-187, 2017-05
NAID 120006312219

Optimal regimens of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for chemoprophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: results from a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial