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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/26 03:13:13」(JST)

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Chemoprevention (also Chemoprophylaxis) refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection.^[1] Antibiotics, for example, may be administered to patients with disorders of immune system function to prevent bacterial infections (particularly opportunistic infection).^[2] Antibiotics may also be administered to healthy individuals to limit the spread of an epidemic, or to patients who have repeated infections (such as urinary tract infections) to prevent recurrence. It may also refer to the administration of heparin to prevent deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients.

In some cases, chemoprophylaxis is initiated to prevent the spread of an existing infection in an individual to a new organ system, as when intrathecal chemotherapy is administered in patients with malignancy to prevent further infection.

The use of chemoprophylaxis is limited primarily by two factors: risk and financial costs.

All medications have the potential to cause side effects. In general, chemoprophylaxis should be initiated only when the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks.
The cost associated with chemoprophylaxis may be prohibitive, particularly when the cost of treatment is high or the incidence of the target disease is low. Many forms of chemoprophylaxis are therefore not cost-effective.

Specific diseases

Using chemoprophylaxis as a treatment against early signs of tuberculosis has proven to be effective.^{[citation needed]} In familial adenomatous polyposis physicians observed polyps regression with NSAIDs for anti-inflammatory therapy.^{[citation needed]} Chemoprophylaxis is also used to treat several different varieties of meningococcal infections for close contact exposure to Neisseria meningitidis.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Woolf, Steven H.; Jonas, Steven; Kaplan-Liss, Evonne (2008), Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 346–358, ISBN 078177599X.
^ Golan, David E. (2008), Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p. 578, ISBN 0781783550.

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1. 細菌性心内膜炎に対する抗菌薬の予防投与 antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis
2. 成人における手術部位感染症予防のための予防的抗菌薬投与 antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection in adults
3. 人工関節感染の疫学および予防 epidemiology and prevention of prosthetic joint infections
4. 消化器内視鏡手技に対する抗菌薬予防投与 antibiotic prophylaxis for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures
5. 婦人科外科手術の術前評価および準備の概要 overview of preoperative evaluation and preparation for gynecologic surgery

English Journal

Chemical profile of mango (Mangifera indica L.) using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).

Oliveira BG1, Costa HB1, Ventura JA2, Kondratyuk TP3, Barroso ME4, Correia RM1, Pimentel EF4, Pinto FE1, Endringer DC5, Romão W6.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Aug 1;204:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.117. Epub 2016 Feb 17.
Mangifera indica L., mango fruit, is consumed as a dietary supplement with purported health benefits; it is widely used in the food industry. Herein, the chemical profile of the Ubá mango at four distinct maturation stages was evaluated during the process of growth and maturity using negative-ion m
PMID 26988473

Epigenetic field cancerization in gastrointestinal cancers.

Baba Y1, Ishimoto T1, Kurashige J1, Iwatsuki M1, Sakamoto Y1, Yoshida N1, Watanabe M2, Baba H3.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2016 Jun 1;375(2):360-6. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.009. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Epigenetic alterations, including aberrant DNA methylation, play an important role in human cancer development. Importantly, epigenetic alterations are reversible and can be targets for therapy or chemoprevention for various types of human cancers. A field for cancerization, or a field defect, is fo
PMID 26971491

Structure-guided unravelling: Phenolic hydroxyls contribute to reduction of acrylamide using multiplex quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling.

Zhang Y1, Huang M2, Wang Q2, Cheng J3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:492-501. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.038. Epub 2015 Dec 10.
We reported a structure-activity relationship study on unravelling phenolic hydroxyls instead of alcoholic hydroxyls contribute to the reduction of acrylamide formation by flavonoids. The dose-dependent study shows a close correlation between the number of phenolic hydroxyls of flavonoids and their
PMID 26776000