WordNet

a small hard painless nodule at the site of entry of a pathogen (as syphilis)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/19 09:14:25」(JST)

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Chancre on the underside of the penis

A chancre (pron.: /ˈʃæŋkər/ SHANG-kər)^[1] is a painless ulceration (sore) most commonly formed during the primary stage of syphilis. This infectious lesion forms approximately 21 days after the initial exposure to Treponema pallidum, the gram-negative spirochaete bacterium yielding syphilis. Chancres transmit the sexually transmissible disease of syphilis through direct physical contact. These ulcers usually form on or around the anus, mouth, penis, and vagina. Chancres may diminish between three to six weeks without the application of medication.

In addition, chancres as well as a painless ulceration formed during the primary stage of syphilis, are associated with the African trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness, surrounding the area of the tsetse fly bite.

Etymology

The word "chancre" (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃kʁ]) means "little ulcer" in Old French. Related to the English "canker", they both come from the Latin cancer, meaning crab,^[2] which is a translation from the Greek word "καρκἰνος (karkínos)", also meaning crab.^[3]

Similarities with chancroid

Similarities between the conditions chancre and chancroid:

Both originate as pustules at the site of inoculation, and progress to ulcerated lesions
Both lesions are typically 1–2 cm in diameter
Both lesions are caused by sexually transmissible organisms
Both lesions typically appear on the genitals of infected individuals

Differences from chancroid

Differences between the conditions chancre and chancroid:

Chancre is a lesion typical of infection with the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum
Chancroid is a lesion typical of infection with the bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancres are typically painless, whereas chancroid are typically painful
Chancres are typically non-exudative, whereas chancroid typically have a grey or yellow purulent exudate
Chancres have a hard (indurated) edge, whereas chancroid have a soft edge
Chancres heal spontaneously within three to six weeks, even in the absence of treatment
Chancres can occur in the pharynx as well as on the genitals

References

^ chancres thefreedictionary
^ medterms.com
^ Ayto, John (1990). Dictionary of Word Origins. New York: Arcade Publishing, Inc. p. 94. ISBN 1-55970-214-1.

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1. 性器潰瘍患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with genital ulcers
2. 軟性下疳 chancroid
3. 早期梅毒の病因、臨床症状、および治療 pathogenesis clinical manifestations and treatment of early syphilis
4. 梅毒の診断的検査 diagnostic testing for syphilis
5. 急性外陰潰瘍（リプシュッツ潰瘍） acute genital ulceration lipschutz ulcer

English Journal

Antigenic variation of TprK facilitates development of secondary syphilis.

Reid TB1, Molini BJ2, Fernandez MC2, Lukehart SA3.
Infection and immunity.Infect Immun.2014 Dec;82(12):4959-67. doi: 10.1128/IAI.02236-14. Epub 2014 Sep 15.
Although primary syphilis lesions heal spontaneously, the infection is chronic, with subsequent clinical stages. Healing of the primary chancre occurs as antibodies against outer membrane antigens facilitate opsonophagocytosis of the bacteria by activated macrophages. TprK is an outer membrane prote
PMID 25225245

The great imitator revisited: the spectrum of atypical cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis.

Balagula Y1, Mattei PL, Wisco OJ, Erdag G, Chien AL.
International journal of dermatology.Int J Dermatol.2014 Dec;53(12):1434-41. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12518. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Syphilis is a well-known sexually transmitted infection infamous for its protean cutaneous manifestations. Over the last decade, the rate of infection in the USA has risen, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and certain ethnic groups. Although the primary chan
PMID 25312512

Primary syphilis of the oropharynx: unusual location of a chancre.

Drago F1, Ciccarese G2, Cogorno L1, Tomasini CF3, Cozzani EC1, Riva SF1, Parodi A1.
International journal of STD & AIDS.Int J STD AIDS.2014 Sep 4. pii: 0956462414551235. [Epub ahead of print]
A 33-year-old man presented with a two-week history of an asymptomatic ulcer of the oropharynx and submandibular lymph nodes swelling. Laboratory examinations resulted normal, but serological tests revealed positivity for rapid plasma reagin, Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay and anti-T. pa
PMID 25193247