WordNet

of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual
a small flexible tube inserted into a body cavity for draining off fluid or introducing medication
of or relating to a ventricle (of the heart or brain)

PrepTutorEJDIC

大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
カニューレ管(体から液体を抽出する管)

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1. 動脈瘤性くも膜下出血の治療 treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
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4. 心室性期外収縮 ventricular premature beats
5. 脳卒中評価の概要 overview of the evaluation of stroke

English Journal

4-Methylcatechol prevents derangements of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB-related signaling in anterior cingulate cortex in chronic pain with depression-like behavior.

Ishikawa K1, Yasuda S, Fukuhara K, Iwanaga Y, Ida Y, Ishikawa J, Yamagata H, Ono M, Kakeda T, Ishikawa T.Author information 1aDepartment of Laboratory Sciences, Division of Neurosciences Departments of bNeurosciences cPsychology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine dDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Ube Frontier College, Yamaguchi eDepartment of 2nd Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo fDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan.AbstractChronic pain with mood disorder, resulting from a peripheral nerve injury, is a serious clinical problem affecting the quality of life. A lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and abnormal intercellular signaling in the brain can mediate this symptom. BDNF is induced in cultured neurons by 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), but little is known about its role in pain-emotion. Thus, we characterized the actions of 4-MC on TrkB receptor-related pERK and BDNF mRNA in discreet brain regions related to pain-emotion after chronic pain in rat. Rats implanted with a stainless steel cannula into the lateral ventricular were subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI). Pain was assessed by changes in paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to heat stimuli after CCI. Immobility time during the forced swimming testing was measured for depression-like behavior. Analgesic and antidepression modulations with 4-MC were examined by an anti-BDNF antibody (K252a, a TrkB receptor inhibitor). The animals were perfused and fixed (4% paraformaldehyde) for immunohistochemistry analysis (c-FOS/pERK). BDNF mRNA expression (anterior cingulate cortex) was determined using reverse transcription-PCR. Rats showed a sustained decrease in PWL, associated with a prolonged immobility time after CCI. 4-MC reduced decreases in PWL and increased immobility time. 4-MC reduced increases in pERK immunoreactivity and decreases in BDNF mRNA expression in regions related to pain and the limbic system. Anti-BDNF blocked effects induced by 4-MC. We suggest that a lack of BDNF associated with activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the pain-emotion network may be involved in depression-like behavior during chronic pain. 4-MC ameliorates pain-emotion symptoms by inducing BDNF and normalizing pERK activities.
Neuroreport.Neuroreport.2014 Mar 5;25(4):226-32. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000072.
Chronic pain with mood disorder, resulting from a peripheral nerve injury, is a serious clinical problem affecting the quality of life. A lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and abnormal intercellular signaling in the brain can mediate this symptom. BDNF is induced in cultured neurons b
PMID 24518228

Mineralocorticoid receptor in the NTS stimulates saline intake during fourth ventricular infusions of aldosterone.

Koneru B1, Bathina CS, Cherry BH, Mifflin SW.Author information 1Department of Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether neurons within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that express the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) play a role in aldosterone stimulation of salt intake. Adult Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats received microinjections into the NTS of a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) for the MR, to site specifically reduce levels of the MR by RNA interference (shRNA; n = 9) or scrambled RNA as a control (scRNA; n = 8). After injection of the viral construct, aldosterone-filled osmotic minipumps were implanted subcutaneously and connected to a cannula extending into the fourth ventricle to infuse aldosterone at a rate of 25 ng/h. Before and after surgeries, rats had ad libitum access to normal sodium (0.26%) rat chow and two graduated drinking bottles filled with either distilled water or 0.3 M NaCl. Before the surgeries, basal saline intake was 1.6 ± 0.6 ml in the scRNA group and 1.56 ± 0.6 ml in the shRNA group. Twenty-four days postsurgery, saline intake was elevated to a greater extent in the scRNA group (5.9 ± 1.07 ml) than in the shRNA group (2.41 ± 0.6 ml). Post mortem immunohistochemistry revealed a significant reduction in the number of NTS neurons exhibiting immunoreactivity for MR in shRNA-injected rats (23 ± 1 cells/section) versus scRNA-injected rats (33 ± 2 cells/section; P = 0.008). shRNA did not alter the level of 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD2) protein in the NTS as judged by the number of HSD2 immunoreactive neurons. These results suggest that fourth ventricular infusions of aldosterone stimulate saline intake, and that this stimulation is at least in part mediated by hindbrain NTS neurons that express MR.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.2014 Jan 1;306(1):R61-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00434.2013. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether neurons within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that express the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) play a role in aldosterone stimulation of salt intake. Adult Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats received microinjections into the NTS of a short-hairpin RNA (s
PMID 24259463

Computational fluid dynamics of ventricular catheters used for the treatment of hydrocephalus: a 3D analysis.

Galarza M1, Giménez Á, Valero J, Pellicer OP, Amigó JM.Author information 1Regional Department of Neurosurgery, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Hospital, Murcia, Spain, marcelo.galarza@carm.es.AbstractINTRODUCTION: The most common treatment for hydrocephalus remains the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Yet, the most frequent complication is ventricular catheter obstruction, which may account for 50-80 % of newly inserted shunts. Although many factors contribute to this, the main one is related to flow characteristics of the catheter within the hydrocephalic brain. A landmark study by Lin et al. addressed the problem of fluid characteristics in ventricular catheters using a two-dimensional simulation program of computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery.Childs Nerv Syst.2014 Jan;30(1):105-16. doi: 10.1007/s00381-013-2226-1. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
INTRODUCTION: The most common treatment for hydrocephalus remains the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Yet, the most frequent complication is ventricular catheter obstruction, which may account for 50-80 % of newly inserted shunts. Although many factors contribute to this, the main one is related to flo
PMID 23881424