脳循環

WordNet

(library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period
movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold; "by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising"
the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area
free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant); "ocean circulation is an important part of global climate"; "a fan aids air circulation"
the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)
of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『血液の循環』,血行 / 〈U〉(貨幣の)流通;(情報・うわさなどの)流布伝達;(新聞・雑誌など,印刷物の)配布 / 〈C〉(新聞・雑誌などの)発行部数
大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/16 19:50:34」(JST)

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Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through the network of blood vessels supplying the brain. The arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain and the veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, removing carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products. Since the brain is very vulnerable to compromises in its blood supply, the cerebral circulatory system has many safeguards. Failure of these safeguards results in cerebrovascular accidents, commonly known as strokes. The amount of blood that the cerebral circulation carries is known as cerebral blood flow. The presence of gravitational fields or accelerations also determine variations in the movement and distribution of blood in the brain, such as when suspended upside-down.

The following description is based on idealized human cerebral circulation. The pattern of circulation and its nomenclature vary between organisms.

Arterial cerebral circulation

Cortical areas and their arterial blood supply

The arterial cerebral circulation is normally divided into anterior cerebral circulation and posterior cerebral circulation. There are two main pairs of arteries that supply the cerebral arteries and the cerebrum: Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.

The anterior and posterior cerebral circulations are interconnected via bilateral posterior communicating arteries. They are part of the Circle of Willis, which provides backup circulation to the brain. In case one of the supply arteries is occluded, the Circle of Willis provides interconnections between the anterior and the posterior cerebral circulation along the floor of the cerebral vault, providing blood to tissues that would otherwise become ischemic.

Anterior cerebral circulation

The anterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the anterior portion of the brain. It is supplied by the following arteries:

Internal carotid arteries: These large arteries are the left and right branches of the common carotid arteries in the neck which enter the skull, as opposed to the external carotid branches which supply the facial tissues. The internal carotid artery branches into the anterior cerebral artery and continues to form the middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
- Anterior communicating artery: Connects both anterior cerebral arteries, within and along the floor of the cerebral vault.
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Posterior cerebral circulation

The posterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobes, cerebellum and brainstem. It is supplied by the following arteries:

Vertebral arteries: These smaller arteries branch from the subclavian arteries which primarily supply the shoulders, lateral chest and arms. Within the cranium the two vertebral arteries fuse into the basilar artery.
- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Basilar artery: Supplies the midbrain, cerebellum, and usually branches into the posterior cerebral artery
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
- Pontine branches
- Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
Posterior communicating artery

Cerebral venous drainage

The venous drainage of the cerebrum can be separated into two subdivisions: superficial and deep.

The superficial system is composed of dural venous sinuses, which have wall composed of dura mater as opposed to a traditional vein. The dural sinuses are, therefore located on the surface of the cerebrum. The most prominent of these sinuses is the superior sagittal sinus which flows in the sagittal plane under the midline of the cerebral vault, posteriorly and inferiorly to the torcula, forming the confluence of sinuses, where the superficial drainage joins with the sinus that primarily drains the deep venous system. From here, two transverse sinuses bifurcate and travel laterally and inferiorly in an S-shaped curve that form the sigmoid sinuses which go on to form the two jugular veins. In the neck, the jugular veins parallel the upward course of the carotid arteries and drain blood into the superior vena cava.

The deep venous drainage is primarily composed of traditional veins inside the deep structures of the brain, which join behind the midbrain to form the vein of Galen. This vein merges with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus which then joins the superficial venous system mentioned above at the confluence of sinuses.

External links

Computer Model of the Cerebral Circulation for Training and Education.
Cerebral circulation

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English Journal

Hemodynamic characteristics of high-altitude headache following acute high altitude exposure at 3700 m in young Chinese men.

Bian SZ1, Jin J, Li QN, Yu J, Tang CF, Rao RS, Yu SY, Zhao XH, Qin J, Huang L.
The journal of headache and pain.J Headache Pain.2015 Dec;16(1):527. doi: 10.1186/s10194-015-0527-3. Epub 2015 May 12.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the systemic and cerebral hemodynamic characteristics and their roles in high-altitude headache (HAH) among young Chinese men following acute exposure.METHODS: The subjects (n = 385) were recruited in June and July of 2012. They completed case report form
PMID 25968101

Interaction between Z-ligustilide from Radix Angelica sinensis and human serum albumin.

Chen T1, Zhu X2, Chen Q2, Ge M2, Jia X2, Wang X2, Ge C3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Nov 1;186:292-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.041. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Z-ligustilide (LIG), an essential oil extract from Radix Angelica sinensis, has broad pharmaceutical applications in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Interaction of LIG with the major transport protein of human blood circulation, human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated b
PMID 25976824

Acute type A aortic dissection repair with mild-to-moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion.

Numata S1, Tsutsumi Y, Monta O, Yamazaki S, Seo H, Yoshida S, Samura T, Ohashi H.
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino).2015 Aug;56(4):525-30. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical results of aortic repair with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (ASCP) and mild-to-moderate hypothermia (MH) from 28 to 31°C comparing with previous series with hypothermia from 20°C to 27 °C.METHODS: Between 2000 and 2011, 109 consecut
PMID 25723762