WordNet

(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds
maximum altitude at which a plane can fly (under specified conditions)
the overhead upper surface of a covered space; "he hated painting the ceiling"
an upper limit on what is allowed; "he put a ceiling on the number of women who worked for him"; "there was a roof on salaries"; "they established a cap for prices" (同)roof, cap
a ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions
a limit set by Congress beyond which the national debt cannot rise; periodically raised by Congress
altitude above which a plane cannot climb faster than a given rate (同)service ceiling
having a higher than normal ceiling
having a lower than normal ceiling
provided with a ceiling especially the overhead interior surface; "the large beam-ceilinged living room"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『天井』 / いちばん高い所,頂上 / (価格・賃金などの)最高限度 / (航空機の)上昇限度

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/23 21:19:50」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Ceiling (disambiguation).

A ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above.

Ceilings are classified according to their appearance or construction. A cathedral ceiling is any tall ceiling area similar to those in a church. A dropped ceiling is one in which the finished surface is constructed anywhere from a few inches to several feet below the structure above it. This may be done for aesthetic purposes, such as achieving a desirable ceiling height; or practical purposes such as providing a space for HVAC or piping. An inverse of this would be a raised floor. A concave or barrel shaped ceiling is curved or rounded, usually for visual or acoustical value, while a coffered ceiling is divided into a grid of recessed square or octagonal panels, also called a "lacunar ceiling". A cove ceiling uses a curved plaster transition between wall and ceiling; it is named for cove molding, a molding with a concave curve.^[1]

Ceilings have frequently been decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments. While hard to execute (at least in place) a decorated ceiling has the advantage that it is largely protected from damage by fingers and dust. In the past, however, this was more than compensated for by the damage from smoke from candles or a fireplace. Many historic buildings have celebrated ceilings. Perhaps the most famous is the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo.

Painted ceiling, "Icarus", by Rainer Maria Latzke (c. 1986), Chateau Thal, Belgium
The ceiling of Wells Cathedral, England
Stretched ceiling
Ceiling of Lotfollah Mosque, Iran
Ceiling paintings of Einsiedeln Abbey in Switzerland
Highly decorated Moorish-style ceiling in Agadir, Morocco
demonstrative reconstruction of a Roman suspended ceiling in an Imperial palace of c. AD 306 at Trier
Ceiling at the United States Library of Congress
The interior of the Sistine Chapel in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, showing the ceiling in relation to the other frescoes.

Fire-resistance rated ceilings[edit source | edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fire-resistance rated ceilings

The most common ceiling that contributes to fire-resistance ratings in commercial and residential construction is the dropped ceiling. In the case of a dropped ceiling, the rating is achieved by the entire system, which is both the structure above, from which the ceilings is suspended, which could be a concrete floor or a timber floor, as well as the suspension mechanism and, finally the lowest membrane or dropped ceiling. Between the structure that the dropped ceiling is suspended from and the dropped membrane, such as a T-bar ceiling or a layer of drywall, there is often some room for mechanical and electrical piping, wiring and ducting to run.

An independent ceiling, however, can be constructed such that it has a stand-alone fire-resistance rating. Such systems must be tested without the benefit of being suspended from a slab above in order to prove that the resulting system is capable of holding itself up. This type of ceiling would be installed to protect items above from fire.

An unrestrained non-loadbearing ceiling undergoing a 4-hour fire test. Deflection is measured off the I-beam.
Durasteel ceiling after successful fire test, being raised from the furnace and readied for an optional 45PSI (3.1 bar) hose-stream test.

References[edit source | edit]

^ http://www.manleylabs.com/galleria/casaratas/casaratas52.html

External links[edit source | edit]

Media related to Ceilings at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of ceiling at Wiktionary
Wiktionary English ceiling definition
Merriam-Webster ceiling definition
Diydata.com treatise on lath & plasterboard ceilings
Virtualmuseum.ca treatise on ceiling construction

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 視覚的な解放性幻視（シャルル・ボネ症候群） visual release hallucinations charles bonnet syndrome
2. 悪性胸膜中皮腫の疫学 epidemiology of malignant pleural mesothelioma
3. 癌疼痛のマネージメント：鎮痛補助剤（鎮痛剤） cancer pain management adjuvant analgesics coanalgesics
4. 小児における基本的な気道のマネージメント basic airway management in children
5. 妊娠時のブプレノルフィン補充療法 buprenorphine substitution therapy in pregnancy

English Journal

Feasibility of a home-based program to improve handwriting after stroke: a pilot study.

Simpson B1, McCluskey A1, Lannin N2,3,4, Cordier R5.
Disability and rehabilitation.Disabil Rehabil.2016 Apr;38(7):673-82. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1059495. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
PURPOSE: To test the feasibility of a handwriting retraining program with adults after stroke; specifically the feasibility of: (i) recruiting people with stroke to the study, (ii) delivering the handwriting retraining program and (iii) outcome measures of handwriting performance.METHOD: A quasi-exp
PMID 26095817

The cost-effectiveness of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in primary and secondary care in the Republic of Ireland.

Danyliv A1,2, Gillespie P3, O'Neill C3, Tierney M4,5, O'Dea A4,5, McGuire BE5,6, Glynn LG5,7, Dunne FP4,5.
Diabetologia.Diabetologia.2016 Mar;59(3):436-44. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3824-0. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in primary and secondary care settings, compared with a no-screening option, in the Republic of Ireland.METHODS: The analysis was based on a decision-tree model of alternat
PMID 26670162

Validity and sensitivity to change of the Patient Specific Functional Scale used during rehabilitation following proximal humeral fracture.

Mannberg Bäckman S1, Stråt S1, Ahlström S1, Brodin N1,2.
Disability and rehabilitation.Disabil Rehabil.2016 Mar;38(5):487-92. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1044623. Epub 2015 May 11.
PURPOSE: To describe content validity, concurrent validity, sensitivity to change, internal consistency and the outcome distribution of the Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in patients with proximal humeral fracture.METHOD: Fifty-three patients with proximal humeral fracture treated conserva
PMID 25958998

Extended ellipse-line-ellipse trajectory for long-object cone-beam imaging with a mounted C-arm system.

Yu Z1, Lauritsch G, Dennerlein F, Mao Y, Hornegger J, Noo F.
Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2016 Feb 8;61(4):1829-1851. [Epub ahead of print]
Recent reports show that three-dimensional cone-beam (CB) imaging with a floor-mounted (or ceiling-mounted) C-arm system has become a valuable tool in interventional radiology. Currently, a circular short scan is used for data acquisition, which inevitably yields CB artifacts and a short coverage in
PMID 26854687

Japanese Journal

粒状体制振適用による防振遮音天井の防振性能の向上

騒音制御 40(6), 333-342, 2016-12
NAID 40021022696

木造大スパン構造建築物における天井仕様の変化による重量床衝撃音遮断性能の検討

公益社団法人日本騒音制御工学会秋季研究発表会講演論文集 = Proceedings of the autumn meeting, the Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan, 287-290, 2016-11
NAID 40021014115