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any taillike structure

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/29 15:16:49」(JST)

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The cauda equina (Latin for "horse's tail") is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots, consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs, the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs, and the coccygeal nerve, all of which originate in the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs to include motor innervation of the hips, knees, ankles, feet, internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter. In addition, the cauda equina extends to sensory innervation of the perineum and, partially, parasympathetic innervation of the bladder.^[1]

The cauda equina was named after its resemblance to a horse's tail by the French anatomist Andreas Lazarius in the 17th century.

Development[edit]

In humans, the spinal cord stops growing in infancy and the end of the spinal cord is about the level of the third lumbar vertebra, or L3, at birth. By the time adulthood is reached, because the bones of the vertebral column continue to grow, the end of the cord is at the level of L1 or L2 (closer to the head). However due to normal anatomical variation, the cord may end anywhere between L3 and the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12) in adults. Individual spinal nerve roots arise from the cord as they do closer to the head, but as the differential growth occurs, the top end of the nerve stays attached to the spinal cord while the lower end of the nerve exits the spinal column at its proper level. This results in a "bundle"-like structure of nerve fibers that extends caudally from the end of the spinal cord, gradually declining in number further down as individual pairs leave the spinal column.

Clinical relevance[edit]

The cauda equina exists within the lumbar cistern, which is the space formed from the surrounding dural sac. Cerebrospinal fluid is drawn from this space during a lumbar puncture.

References[edit]

^ http://www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu/search/default.aspx?cx=012989503401987579181%3Adorjvt5fw4i&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=cauda+equina

Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy and Physiology The Unity of Form and Function

External links[edit]

VIRTUAL Spine - Online Learning Resource
MedlinePlus Image 19504
SUNY Labs 02:08-0106
Cross section at UV pembody/body12a
Dissection of deep back and spinal cord video: great view of the Cauda Equina

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 馬尾症候群などの腫瘍による硬膜外脊髄圧迫の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of neoplastic epidural spinal cord compression including cauda equina syndrome
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5. 脊髄障害の解剖学および局在性 anatomy and localization of spinal cord disorders

English Journal

Diagnostic utility of FDG-PET in neurolymphomatosis: report of five cases.

Kinoshita H1, Yamakado H2, Kitano T3, Kitamura A4, Yamashita H4, Miyamoto M4, Hitomi T5, Okada T6, Nakamoto Y6, Sawamoto N4, Takaori-Kondo A3, Takahashi R4.
Journal of neurology.J Neurol.2016 Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare condition involving the infiltration of lymphoma cells into the peripheral nervous system. NL can be primary or secondary in the setting of an unknown or known hematologic malignancy, respectively. Here, we report five cases in which F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose po
PMID 27286845

Differential diagnosis and treatment of acute cauda equina syndrome in the human immunodeficiency virus positive patient: a case report and review of the literature.

Panos G1,2, Watson DC3, Karydis I4, Velissaris D5, Andreou M5, Karamouzos V5, Sargianou M3, Masdrakis A4, Chra P6, Roussos L7.
Journal of medical case reports.J Med Case Rep.2016 Jun 6;10:165. doi: 10.1186/s13256-016-0902-y.
BACKGROUND: Acute cauda equina syndrome is an uncommon but significant neurologic presentation due to a variety of underlying diseases. Anatomical compression of nerve roots, usually by a lumbar disk hernia is a common cause in the general population, while inflammatory, neoplastic, and ischemic cau
PMID 27268102

Mobile spinal enterogenous cyst resulting in intermittent paraplegia in a child: case report.

Kojima S1, Yoshimura J2, Takao T2,3, Tamura T3, Nishiyama K2, Maruyama S1, Suda M1, Fujii Y2.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.J Neurosurg Pediatr.2016 Jun 3:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors report the case of a mobile spinal enterogenous cyst in a 2-year-old boy, who was admitted to the hospital several times for intermittent paraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT revealed an isolated cyst in the lumbar spinal canal. The symptoms were caused by transient myelopathy o
PMID 27258594

Japanese Journal

症例報告馬尾症候群を初発とした血管内大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫の1例

Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 68(1), 97-101, 2016-01
NAID 40020711667

Spontaneous Hemorrhage of a Spinal Ependymoma in the Filum Terminale Presenting with Acute Cauda Equina Syndrome: Case Report

NMC Case Report Journal advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005151803

Indication for Partial Vertebral Osteotomy and Realignment in Posterior Spinal Fixation for Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Collapse with Neurological Deficits

Neurologia medico-chirurgica advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005139541

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「馬尾」「filum terminale」
関連記事	「equi」

「馬尾」

Cauda equina
	Cauda equina and filum terminale seen from behind.
	Human caudal spinal cord anterior view
Latin	Cauda equina
Gray's	subject #208 919
Artery	Iliolumbar artery
MeSH	Cauda+Equina