カタストロフ、破局

WordNet

a sudden violent change in the earths surface (同)cataclysm
a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune; "lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system"; "his policies were a disaster" (同)disaster

PrepTutorEJDIC

(突然の)大変動,大災害 / 悲劇的結末,破局

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/09 16:19:54」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Catastrophe or catastrophic comes from the Greek κατά (kata) = down; στροφή (strophē) = turning. It may refer to:

A general or specific event

Disaster
The (Asia Minor) Catastrophe, a Greek name for the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey
The Chernobyl Catastrophe, a name of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster
Blue sky catastrophe, a type of bifurcation of a periodic orbit, where the orbit vanishes into the blue sky
Catastrophic failure, complete failure of a system from which recovery is impossible (e.g. a bridge collapses)
Climatic catastrophe, forced transition of climate system to a new climate state at a rate which is more rapid than the rate of change of the external forcing
Cosmic catastrophe, thought experiment about what would happen if the sun were to suddenly disappear
Ecological catastrophe, a disaster to the natural environment due to human activity
Error catastrophe, extinction of an organism as a result of excessive mutations
Impending climatic catastrophe, conjectured runaway climate change resulting from a rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system
Infrared catastrophe or infrared divergence is a situation in particle physics in which a particular integral diverges
Iron catastrophe, runaway melting of early earth's interior as a result of potential energy release from sinking iron and nickel melted by heat of radioactive decay
Late Bronze Age collapse
Malthusian catastrophe, prediction of a forced return to subsistence-level conditions once population growth has outpaced agricultural production
Mitotic catastrophe, an event in which a cell is destroyed during mitosis
The Nakba, the 1948 expulsion of Palestinians from their homes
Nedelin catastrophe or Nedelin disaster, launch pad accident at Baikonur test range of Baikonur Cosmodrome
Oxygen catastrophe, the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere
Runaway climate change or Climatic catastrophe, hypothesized runaway global warming when a tipping point is exceeded
Toba catastrophe hypothesis, hypothesis that the Toba supervolcanic eruption caused a global volcanic winter and 1,000-year-long cooling episode
Ultraviolet catastrophe, the prediction by classical physics that a black body will emit radiation at infinite power
Vacuum catastrophe, the discrepancy between theoretical and measured vacuum energy density in cosmology

Art, entertainment, and media

Fictional entities

Catastrophe, the main antagonist in The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs

Literature

Catastrophe (book), a non-fiction book by Dick Morris and Eileen McGann
Catastrophe (drama), the climax and resolution of a plot in ancient Greek drama and poetry
Catastrophe (play), a 1982 short play by Samuel Beckett

Music

Catastrophic, a band featuring Trevor Peres

Television

Catastrophe (2008 TV series), a five-part science series on Channel 4, presented by Tony Robinson
Catastrophe (2015 TV series), a 2015 sitcom starring Sharon Horgan and Rob Delaney

Mathematics

Catastrophe theory, a theory by the French mathematician René Thom and the object of its study

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 熱傷合併患者に対する概要およびマネージメント戦略 overview and management strategies for the combined burn trauma patient
2. 血性の腹膜透析液（血性腹水） bloody peritoneal dialysate hemoperitoneum
3. 盲腸軸捻転症 cecal volvulus
4. 高血圧の周術期マネージメント perioperative management of hypertension
5. 成人における気管挿管の失敗 the failed airway in adults

English Journal

Tumor stroma and differentiated cancer cells can be originated directly from polyploid giant cancer cells induced by paclitaxel.

Zhang S, Mercado-Uribe I, Liu J.Author information Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center (Nankai University Affiliated Hospital), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.AbstractPaclitaxel is widely used to treat cancer patients through the blocking of mitosis and result in formation of polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs), which are generally believed to be nondividing cells or in mitotic catastrophe. Here, we showed that PGCCs following the treatment of paclitaxel of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line have capability to generate regular-sized progeny cells through budding. The PGCCs not only grew into well-differentiated cancer cells that formed cancer organotypic structures in vitro but also trans-differentiated into multiple tumor stromal cells including myoepithelial, endothelial and erythroid cells. PGCCs formed glandular and vessel-like cancer organotypic structures that expressed normal stem cell markers. These progeny cells generated from PGCCs showed decreased ability of proliferation, invasion and tumor growth and became more resistant to paclitaxel than parental MCF-7 cells. These results demonstrated that paclitaxel-induced PGCCs have properties of cancer stem cells that can generate both epithelial cancer cells and multilineage of stromal cells. PGCCs are not only the morphogenic determinant to tumor histogenesis and but also contribute to paclitaxel resistance.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Feb 1;134(3):508-18. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28319. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
Paclitaxel is widely used to treat cancer patients through the blocking of mitosis and result in formation of polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs), which are generally believed to be nondividing cells or in mitotic catastrophe. Here, we showed that PGCCs following the treatment of paclitaxel of MCF
PMID 23754740

Co-targeting Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Dependent Protein Kinase and Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Promotes Accelerated Senescence of Irradiated Cancer Cells.

Azad A1, Bukczynska P2, Jackson S2, Haput Y3, Cullinane C3, McArthur GA4, Solomon B4.Author information 1Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: arun.azad@bccancer.bc.ca.2Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.3Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.4Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.AbstractPURPOSE: To examine the effects of combined blockade of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) on accelerated senescence in irradiated H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.2014 Feb 1;88(2):385-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.10.043.
PURPOSE: To examine the effects of combined blockade of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) on accelerated senescence in irradiated H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells.METHODS AND MATERIALS: The effects of KU5788 and AG014699
PMID 24411611

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Catastrophe, its Survivors, Job and the Universal Features of Suffering: A Theoretical Study.

Roxberg A, Barbosa da Silva A.Author information School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås/Eskilstuna, Sweden, asa.roxberg@lnu.se.AbstractThe purpose of this theoretical article is to discuss the existential and universal feature of suffering-as illustrated by Job's suffering in the Book of Job in the Bible and by the survivors of the 2004 Asian tsunami catastrophe-and to highlight its significance for health care. Further, the study is aiming at contributing to health professionals' understanding of patients' suffering. The sources are narratives, comprising Job's book, TV interviews 1 year after the tsunami catastrophe and the survivors' autobiographies. The methodological approach is a philosophical analysis. The existential, universal, ontological and epistemological aspects of suffering are carefully scrutinized to unveil the universal and existential versus culture-specific features of suffering. Based on the results, the authors' recommendations are (1) a holistic concept of the patient and health care has to seriously consider suffering in all its complexity because when a person is in pain, it is not his/her body but the whole person as a unity of body, psyche and spirit that suffers and (2) suffering should be seen as the most central concept of health care, which should provide treatment for physical pain and all dimensions of suffering: physical, social, mental and spiritual aspects.
Journal of religion and health.J Relig Health.2014 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
The purpose of this theoretical article is to discuss the existential and universal feature of suffering-as illustrated by Job's suffering in the Book of Job in the Bible and by the survivors of the 2004 Asian tsunami catastrophe-and to highlight its significance for health care. Further, the study
PMID 24442721

Orbital-specific Tunability of Many-Body Effects in Bilayer Graphene by Gate Bias and Metal Contact.

Fukidome H1, Kotsugi M2, Nagashio K3, Sato R1, Ohkochi T2, Itoh T4, Toriumi A3, Suemitsu M1, Kinoshita T2.Author information 1Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.2JASRI/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.3Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.4Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-7578, Japan.AbstractGraphene, a 2D crystal bonded by π and σ orbitals, possesses excellent electronic properties that are promising for next-generation optoelectronic device applications. For these a precise understanding of quasiparticle behaviour near the Dirac point (DP) is indispensable because the vanishing density of states (DOS) near the DP enhances many-body effects, such as excitonic effects and the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe (AOC) which occur through the interactions of many conduction electrons with holes. These effects renormalize band dispersion and DOS, and therefore affect device performance. For this reason, we have studied the impact of the excitonic effects and the AOC on graphene device performance by using X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy on an actual graphene transistor in operation. Our work shows that the excitonic effect and the AOC are tunable by gate bias or metal contacts, both of which alter the Fermi energy, and are orbital-specific.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2014 Jan 16;4:3713. doi: 10.1038/srep03713.
Graphene, a 2D crystal bonded by π and σ orbitals, possesses excellent electronic properties that are promising for next-generation optoelectronic device applications. For these a precise understanding of quasiparticle behaviour near the Dirac point (DP) is indispensable because the vanishing dens
PMID 24429879