WordNet

an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain (同)saccharide, sugar

PrepTutorEJDIC

炭水化物,含水炭素

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/06 20:52:00」(JST)

wiki en

Carbohydrate dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion from a carbohydrate to an aldehyde, lactone, or ketose.

An example includes L-gulonolactone oxidase.

They are categorized under EC number 1.1. More specifically, they are in three subcodes: 1, 2, and 99, categorized as follows:

EC 1.1.1 With NAD or NADP as acceptor
EC 1.1.2 With a cytochrome as acceptor
EC 1.1.99 With other acceptors

External links

Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This enzyme-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 乳酸脱水素酵素欠損症 lactate dehydrogenase deficiency
2. 幼児および小児における低血糖症の病因 etiology of hypoglycemia in infants and children
3. 幼児の持続性高インスリン血症性低血糖症の病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy
4. 先天性代謝異常：個々の障害の発見 inborn errors of metabolism identifying the specific disorder
5. グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

English Journal

Transcriptional profiling of biomass degradation-related genes during Trichoderma reesei growth on different carbon sources.

Chen X1, Luo Y2, Yu H3, Sun Y4, Wu H5, Song S2, Hu S6, Dong Z7.Author information 1Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: chenxiuzhen@im.ac.cn.2Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.3College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.4Institute of Energy Resources, Yingkou, Liaoning 115003, China.5College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.6Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: husn@big.ac.cn.7Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: dongzy@mail.im.ac.cn.AbstractTo identify all the gene products involved in cellulosic biomass degradation, we employed RNA sequencing technology to perform a genome-wide comparison of gene expression during growth of Trichoderma reesei QM9414 on cellulose or glucose. Due to their important role in lignocellulose decomposition, we focused on CAZymes and other secreted proteins. In total, 122 CAZymes showed at least a two-fold change in mRNA abundance, and 97 of those were highly induced by cellulose. Compared to the well-characterized cellulases and hemicellulases, a majority of the other upregulated CAZymes showed lower transcriptional levels. In addition, 64 secreted proteins, including oxidoreductases, exhibited at least two-fold upregulation on cellulose medium. To better understand the potential roles of low-abundance CAZymes in cellulose breakdown, we compared the expression patterns of 25 glycoside hydrolase genes under different conditions via real-time PCR. Substantial differences for the 25 genes were observed for individual strains grown on different carbon sources, and between QM9414 and RUTC30 when grown on the same carbon source. Moreover, we identified 3 genes that are coregulated with known cellulases. Collectively, this study highlights a comprehensive transcriptional profile for biomass degradation-related proteins and provides a first step toward the identification of candidates to construct optimized enzyme cocktails.
Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2014 Mar 10;173:59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.011. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
To identify all the gene products involved in cellulosic biomass degradation, we employed RNA sequencing technology to perform a genome-wide comparison of gene expression during growth of Trichoderma reesei QM9414 on cellulose or glucose. Due to their important role in lignocellulose decomposition,
PMID 24445169

Lipoic acid prevents fructose-induced changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism: Role of oxidative stress.

Castro MC1, Francini F1, Gagliardino JJ1, Massa ML2.Author information 1CENEXA -Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA, Centro Colaborador OPS/OMS), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.2CENEXA -Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA, Centro Colaborador OPS/OMS), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: marialmassa@hotmail.com.AbstractBACKGROUND: Fructose administration rapidly induces oxidative stress that triggers compensatory hepatic metabolic changes. We evaluated the effect of an antioxidant, R/S-α-lipoic acid on fructose-induced oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolism changes.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Mar;1840(3):1145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.005. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
BACKGROUND: Fructose administration rapidly induces oxidative stress that triggers compensatory hepatic metabolic changes. We evaluated the effect of an antioxidant, R/S-α-lipoic acid on fructose-induced oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolism changes.METHODS: Wistar rats were fed a standard c
PMID 24361606

Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NAD-malic enzymes activity increase the ammonium-assimilating capacity in tomato.

Setién I1, Vega-Mas I2, Celestino N3, Calleja-Cervantes ME4, González-Murua C5, Estavillo JM6, González-Moro MB7.Author information 1Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: igor.setien@ehu.es.2Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: iavega001@ikasle.ehu.es.3Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: natalia.siurana@gmail.com.4Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, IdAB-CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: maren.calleja@unavarra.es.5Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: carmen.gmurua@ehu.es.6Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: jm.estavillo@ehu.es.7Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Electronic address: mariabegona.gonzalez@ehu.es.AbstractPlant ammonium tolerance has been associated with the capacity to accumulate large amounts of ammonium in the root vacuoles, to maintain carbohydrate synthesis and especially with the capacity of maintaining high levels of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the roots. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is considered a cornerstone in nitrogen metabolism, since it provides carbon skeletons for nitrogen assimilation. The hypothesis of this work was that the induction of anaplerotic routes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme (NAD-ME) would enhance tolerance to ammonium nutrition. An experiment was established with tomato plants (Agora Hybrid F1) grown under different ammonium concentrations. Growth parameters, metabolite contents and enzymatic activities related to nitrogen and carbon metabolism were determined. Unlike other tomato cultivars, tomato Agora Hybrid F1 proved to be tolerant to ammonium nutrition. Ammonium was assimilated as a biochemical detoxification mechanism, thus leading to the accumulation of Gln and Asn as free amino acids in both leaves and roots as an innocuous and transitory store of nitrogen, in addition to protein synthesis. When the concentration of ammonium in the nutrient solution was high, the cyclic operation of the TCA cycle seemed to be interrupted and would operate in two interconnected branches to provide α-ketoglutarate for ammonium assimilation: one branch supported by malate accumulation and by the induction of anaplerotic PEPC and NAD-ME in roots and MDH in leaves, and the other branch supported by stored citrate in the precedent dark period.
Journal of plant physiology.J Plant Physiol.2014 Mar 1;171(5):49-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.021. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
Plant ammonium tolerance has been associated with the capacity to accumulate large amounts of ammonium in the root vacuoles, to maintain carbohydrate synthesis and especially with the capacity of maintaining high levels of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the roots. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (T
PMID 24484958

Japanese Journal

Effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides consumption on the growth and expression profile of cell surface-associated proteins of a potential probiotic <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> FSMM15

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health 35(1), 41-49, 2016
NAID 130005123745

Effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides consumption on the growth and expression profile of cell surface-associated proteins of a potential probiotic <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> FSMM15

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130005103726

Effect of thiamin (vitamin B₁) on carbohydrate metabolism at rest and during exercise

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 4(4), 337-341, 2015
NAID 130005102455

「炭水化物脱水素酵素」

　　[★]

英: carbohydrate dehydrogenase
関: 炭水化物デヒドロゲナーゼ

「炭水化物デヒドロゲナーゼ」

　　[★]

英: carbohydrate dehydrogenase
関: 炭水化物脱水素酵素

「carbohydrate」

　　[★]

n.

炭水化物→糖質、含水炭素

「dehydrogenase」

　　[★] 脱水素酵素デヒドロゲナーゼ

「dehydrogenases」