がん腫病　　　　　

WordNet

an ulceration (especially of the lips or lining of the mouth) (同)canker_sore
a fungal disease of woody plants that causes localized damage to the bark
become infected with a canker
infect with a canker
green caterpillar of a geometrid moth; pest of various fruit and shade trees
having an ulcer or canker (同)ulcerated, ulcerous
green or brown white-striped looper; larva of Alsophila pometaria
variably colored looper; larva of Paleacrita vernata

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(特に口中の)潰瘍(かいよう) / 〈U〉(樹木の)がん腫病 / 〈C〉(人・社会に)害毒になるもの,病根,幣害 / 〈樹木が〉がん腫病になる
シャクトリムシ(シャクトリガ類の幼虫)
潰瘻(かいよう)性の;潰瘻にかかった / 腐敗(腐食)させる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/04/13 01:26:31」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the plant disease. For the human condition, see canker sore.

Butternut canker is a lethal disease of Butternut trees, and has no cure.

Oaks with canker.

Canker and anthracnose are general terms for a large number of different plant diseases, characterised by broadly similar symptoms including the appearance of small areas of dead tissue, which grow slowly, often over a period of years. Some are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal, and of major economic importance in agriculture and horticulture. Different cankers and anthracnoses are caused by a wide range of organisms, including fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are tied obligately to a single host species or genus, but a few will attack a wider range of plants. Canker can be spread by weather and animals, making an area that even has a slight amount of canker hazardous.

Some cankers are treatable with fungicides or bactericides, but many are not; often the only treatment available is to destroy the infected plant to prevent the disease from spreading to other plants.

Examples

Apple canker, caused by the fungus Nectria galligena
Ash bacterial canker, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae
Butternut canker, caused by the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum
Bleeding Canker of Horse Chestnut, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi
Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis
Cypress canker, caused by the fungus Seiridium cardinale
Dogwood anthracnose, caused by the fungus Discula destructiva
Grape canker, caused by the fungus Eutypa lata
Honey locust canker, caused by the fungus Thyronectria austro-americana
Mulberry canker, caused by the fungus Gibberella baccata
Oak canker, caused by the fungus Diplodia quercina
Pine pitch canker, caused by the fungus Fusarium pini
Plane anthracnose, caused by the fungus Apiognomonia veneta
Poplar canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas populi
Rapeseed stem canker, caused by the blackleg fungus Leptosphaeria maculans
Rose cankers, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria coniothyrium and Cryptosporella umbrina
Scleroderris canker, caused by the fungus Gremmeniella abietina
Willow anthracnose, caused by the fungus Marssonina salicicola

Canker on a birch
Canker on a Beech tree.
Canker on an Ash tree in North Ayrshire, Scotland.

External links

Canker Diseases of Trees

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 口腔病変 oral lesions
2. 小児における口腔軟部組織病変 soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity in children
3. 若齢小児におけるヘルペス性歯肉口内炎 herpetic gingivostomatitis in young children
4. ベーチェット病の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of behcets disease
5. 周期性発熱症候群およびその他の自己炎症性疾患：概要 periodic fever syndromes and other autoinflammatory diseases an overview

English Journal

Identification of Bacteriophages for Biocontrol of the Kiwifruit Canker Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.

Frampton RA1, Taylor C, Holguín Moreno AV, Visnovsky SB, Petty NK, Pitman AR, Fineran PC.Author information 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.AbstractPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). Since 2008, a global outbreak of P. syringae pv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in New Zealand. The economic impact and the development of resistance in P. syringae pv. actinidiae and other pathovars against antibiotics and copper sprays have led to a search for alternative management strategies. We isolated 275 phages, 258 of which were active against P. syringae pv. actinidiae. Extensive host range testing on P. syringae pv. actinidiae, other pseudomonads, and bacteria isolated from kiwifruit orchards showed that most phages have a narrow host range. Twenty-four were analyzed by electron microscopy, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and restriction digestion. Their suitability for biocontrol was tested by assessing stability and the absence of lysogeny and transduction. A detailed host range was performed, phage-resistant bacteria were isolated, and resistance to other phages was examined. The phages belonged to the Caudovirales and were analyzed based on morphology and genome size, which showed them to be representatives of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, and Siphoviridae. Twenty-one Myoviridae members have similar morphologies and genome sizes yet differ in restriction patterns, host range, and resistance, indicating a closely related group. Nine of these Myoviridae members were sequenced, and each was unique. The most closely related sequenced phages were a group infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterized by phages JG004 and PAK_P1. In summary, this study reports the isolation and characterization of P. syringae pv. actinidiae phages and provides a framework for the intelligent formulation of phage biocontrol agents against kiwifruit bacterial canker.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2014 Apr;80(7):2216-28. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00062-14. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a reemerging pathogen which causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). Since 2008, a global outbreak of P. syringae pv. actinidiae has occurred, and in 2010 this pathogen was detected in New Zealand. The economic impact and the development of resista
PMID 24487530

The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons.

Seddiek ShA1, El-Shorbagy MM, Khater HF, Ali AM.Author information 1Avian Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute Benha Branch, Benha, 13111, Egypt.AbstractTrichomonas gallinae is the causative agent of canker in pigeon. This work was carried out to investigate in the vitro and in vivo efficacy of aqueous water extract of garlic (AGE) on the growth of T. gallinae infecting pigeons compared to those of metronidazole (MTZ). MTZ and AGE were added, at different concentrations, to glucose-serum broth medium containing 1 × 10(4) trophozoites/ml. In the in vivo experiment, 48 squabs were grouped into four groups. The first group (gr. I) was not infected and not treated. Each squab of the other group was infected with 1 × 10(4) trophozoites. The second group (gr. II) was infected and not treated. On day 0, the third group (gr. III) was treated with MTZ (50 mg/kg BW) and the fourth group (gr. IV) was treated with AGE (200 mg/kg BW) for seven successive days in drinking water. In vitro study revealed that the MLC, 24, 48, and 72 h post treatment were 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively, for MTZ and 75, 50, and 50 mg/ml, respectively, for AGE. Garlic (200 mg/kg BW) had the highest antitrichomonal effect and shortened course of treatment of pigeons from 7 days in gr. III to 5 days. Squabs in gr. II suffered from macrocytic hypochromic anemia, whereas squabs in grs. III and IV showed normal blood pictures. Serum total protein, albumin, and globulin were increased, whereas AST, ALT, and the total cholesterol were decreased in grs. III and IV when compared to those of gr. II. Pigeons protected with AGE showed increased body weight and reduced mortality percentage than the other groups. Our results indicated that garlic may be a promising phytotherapeutic agent for protection against trichomoniasis in pigeons.
Parasitology research.Parasitol Res.2014 Apr;113(4):1319-29. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-3771-6. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
Trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent of canker in pigeon. This work was carried out to investigate in the vitro and in vivo efficacy of aqueous water extract of garlic (AGE) on the growth of T. gallinae infecting pigeons compared to those of metronidazole (MTZ). MTZ and AGE were added, at dif
PMID 24488107

Summer heat and low soil organic matter influence severity of hazelnut cytospora canker.

Lamichhane JR, Fabi A, Varvaro L.AbstractABSTRACT Cytospora canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora corylicola, is present in hazelnut production areas worldwide. The disease is widespread throughout the main production areas of Italy. The causal agent is considered to be a secondary invader of damaged tissue that attacks mainly stressed plants. However, little is known of disease severity and stress factors that predispose plants to infection. In particular, the role of pedoclimatic factors was investigated. Direct survey indicated that disease severity varied across several study sites. Geostatistics showed a strong positive correlation between disease severity index and summer heat (r = 0.80 and 0.91 for July and August, respectively) and strong negative correlation between disease severity index and soil organic matter (r = -0.78). A moderate positive correlation between disease severity index and magnesium/potassium ratio (r = 0.58) and moderate negative correlations between disease severity index and total soil nitrogen (r = -0.53), thermal shock (r = -0.46), and rainfall (r = -0.53) were determined. No significant correlation between disease severity index and soil aluminum (r = -0.35), soil pH (r = -0.01), and plant age (r = -0.38) was found.
Phytopathology.Phytopathology.2014 Apr;104(4):387-95. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-13-0136-R.
ABSTRACT Cytospora canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora corylicola, is present in hazelnut production areas worldwide. The disease is widespread throughout the main production areas of Italy. The causal agent is considered to be a secondary invader of damaged tissue that attacks mainly stressed pl
PMID 24168042

Dynamics of Cryphonectria hypovirus infection in chestnut blight cankers.

Bryner SF1, Prospero S, Rigling D.Author information 1Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland ; sarah.bryner@wsl.ch.AbstractVirulent strains of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica cause lethal bark cankers on chestnut trees. Infection of C. parasitica with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 in Europe biologically controls this disease, leading to non-lethal and inactive cankers. Unexpectedly, virus-free C. parasitica strains have been isolated from inactive cankers. In this study, we compared the virulence of virus-infected and virus-free C. parasitica strains isolated from either inactive or active cankers on chestnut seedlings and sprouts. In the seedling experiment, we assessed canker growth and seedling mortality. In the sprout experiment, we also assessed canker growth and made fungal re-isolations to determine virus-infection and immigration of foreign vegetative compatibility (vc) types over a period of 13 years in a coppice forest. Overall, the virulence of virus-free C. parasitica strains isolated from inactive versus active cankers did not differ. Significant differences were only attributed to virus infection. Virus infection and fungal strain composition in cankers changed over time. Foreign vc types immigrated into cankers and virus-free cankers became virus-infected within few years. Most of the cankers were callused over time and became inactive. However, we observed that the virus not always persisted in these cankers. This study demonstrates that virus spread occurs effectively in European chestnut forests and that this biocontrol system is highly dynamic.
Phytopathology.Phytopathology.2014 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Virulent strains of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica cause lethal bark cankers on chestnut trees. Infection of C. parasitica with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 in Europe biologically controls this disease, leading to non-lethal and inactive cankers. Unexpectedly, virus-free C. parasit
PMID 24601984