関: chamomile、matricaria

WordNet

Eurasian plant with apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis (同)camomile, Chamaemelum nobilis, Anthemis nobilis
ubiquitous European annual weed with white flowers and finely divided leaves naturalized and sometimes cultivated in eastern North America; sometimes included in genus Matricaria (同)scentless false camomile, scentless mayweed, scentless hayweed, corn mayweed, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Matricaria inodorum
tea-like drink made from camomile leaves and flowers

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カミツレ(においの良い白と黄の花のキク科の植物)
=camomile

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/18 16:49:24」(JST)

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German chamomile

Roman chamomile

Chamomile or camomile (/ˈkæmɵmiːl/ KAM-ə-meel or /ˈkæmɵmaɪl/ KAM-ə-myl)^[1] is a common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae.^[2] These plants are best known for their ability to be made into an infusion which is commonly used to help with sleep and is often served with honey or lemon, or both. Because chamomile can cause uterine contractions which can lead to miscarriage, the U.S. National Institutes of Health recommends that pregnant and nursing mothers not consume chamomile.^[3] Individuals allergic to ragweed (also in the daisy family) may also be allergic to chamomile due to cross-reactivity.^[4]^[5] However, there is still some debate as to whether individuals with reported allergies to chamomile were truly exposed to chamomile or to a plant of similar appearance.^[2]^[6]

Etymology[edit source | edit]

The word chamomile derives, via French and Latin, from Greek χαμαίμηλον (k^hamaimēlon), i.e. "earth apple", from χαμαί (k^hamai) "on the ground" + μῆλον (mēlon) "apple".^[7]^[8] The more common British spelling "camomile," is the older in English, while the spelling "chamomile" more accurately corresponds to the ultimate Latin and Greek source.^[9]

Also, the spelling camomile more accurately corresponds to the more immediate derivation from French.^[10]

Species[edit source | edit]

Some commonly used species include:

Matricaria chamomilla (also known as Matricaria recutita),^[11] German chamomile^[6] or wild chamomile, the most commonly used species
Chamaemelum nobile, Roman, English or garden chamomile, also frequently used^[6]

A number of other species' common names include the word chamomile. This does not mean they are used in the same manner as the species used in the herbal tea known as "chamomile." Plants including the common name "chamomile," of the family Asteraceae, are:

Anthemis arvensis, corn, scentless or field chamomile
Anthemis cotula, stinking chamomile
Cladanthus multicaulis, Moroccan chamomile
Cota tinctoria, dyer's, golden, oxeye, or yellow chamomile
Eriocephalus punctulatus, Cape chamomile
Matricaria discoidea, wild chamomile or pineapple weed
Tripleurospermum inodorum, wild, scentless or false chamomile

Medical use and pharmacology[edit source | edit]

Major chemical compounds present within chamomile include apigenin and alpha-bisabolol.^[2]^[11] Other classes of chemical compounds found within the chamomile plant include: sesquiterpenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins such as herniarin and umbelliferone, phenylpropanoids such as chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, flavones such as apigenin and luteolin, flavanols such as quercetin and rutin, and polyacetylenes.^[2]^[12]

Apigenin has demonstrated strong chemopreventive effects,^[13] while alpha-bisabolol has been shown to have antiseptic properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and has also been demonstrated to reduce pepsin secretion without altering secretion of stomach acid.^[12] Chemical compounds present within chamomile have demonstrated the ability to bind GABA receptors, modulate monoamine neurotransmission, and have displayed neuroendocrine effects.^[11] Umbelliferone has been shown to be fungistatic.^[12] Coumarin compounds present in chamomile such as herniarin and umbelliferone may have blood-thinning properties, and there is some evidence that chamomile may interact with other medications causing drug-drug interactions.^[6]

Chamomile has been used for inflammation associated with hemorrhoids when applied topically.^[12] There is Level B evidence to support the claim that chamomile possesses anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) properties and may have clinical applications in the treatment of stress and insomnia.^[11] Chemical components of chamomile extract have demonstrated anti-inflammatory,^[2]^[4] antihyperglycemic,^[2] antigenotoxic,^[14] and anticancer properties^[2] when examined in vitro and in animal studies.^[15]

Cosmetic applications[edit source | edit]

Chamomile is frequently added to skin cosmetics to serve as an emollient, and for its anti-inflammatory effects. Chamomile is also often used to enhance the color of blonde hair.^[4]

Agriculture[edit source | edit]

The chamomile plant is known to be susceptible to many fungi, insects, and viruses. Fungi such as Albugo tragopogonis (white rust), Cylindrosporium matricariae, Erysiphe cichoracearum (powdery mildew), and Sphaerotheca macularis (powdery mildew) are known pathogens of the chamomile plant.^[12] Aphids have been observed feeding on chamomile plants and the moth Autographa chryson causes defoliation.^[12]

References[edit source | edit]

^ chamomile reference.com
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Srivastava, JK; Shankar, E; Gupta, S (November 2010). "Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future". Molecular medicine reports 3 (6): 895–901. PMID 21132119.
^ "Roman chamomile: MedlinePlus".
^ ^a ^b ^c Baumann, LS (2007). "Less-known botanical cosmeceuticals". Dermatologic therapy 20 (5): 330–342. PMID 18045358.
^ National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2012). "Chamomile". National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Chamomile". NYU Langone Medical Center. 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
^ χαμαίμηλον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
^ camomile. Online Etymology Dictionary
^ Oxford English Dictionary, online edition, entry "camomile | chamomile"
^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Chamomile
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sarris, J; Panossian, A; Schweitzer, I; Stough, C; Scholey, A (December 2011). "Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety, and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence". European neuropsychopharmacology 21 (12): 841–860. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.04.002. PMID 21601431.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Singh, O; Khanam, Z; Misra, N; Srivastava, MK (January 2011). "Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): An overview.". Pharmacognosy reviews 5 (9): 82–95. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79103. PMID 22096322.
^ Patel, Deendayal; Shukla, Sanjeev; Gupta, Sanjay (2007). "Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: Progress, potential and promise (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 30 (1): 233–45. PMID 17143534.
^ Hernández-Ceruelos, A; Madrigal-Bujaidar, E; De La Cruz, C (2002). "Inhibitory effect of chamomile essential oil on the sister chromatid exchanges induced by daunorubicin and methyl methanesulfonate in mouse bone marrow". Toxicology Letters 135 (1–2): 103–110. doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00253-9. PMID 12243869.
^ "Chamomile (German) | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center". Mskcc.org. 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2012-07-06.

External links[edit source | edit]

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita, Chamaemelum nobile) medical and therapeutic information on MedlinePlus
Chamomile fact sheet, NIH National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Roman chamomile, the National Cancer Institute
PLANTS Profile: Anthemis tinctoria L. (golden chamomile), USDA
Texts on Wikisource:
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chamomile". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- "Chamomile". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.

This page is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name (vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article.

English Journal

Researching accessible and affordable treatment for common dermatological problems in developing countries. An Ethiopian experience.

Shimelis ND, Asticcioli S, Baraldo M, Tirillini B, Lulekal E, Murgia V.SourceAll African Leprosy and Dermatology Education and Training Center (ALERT), affiliation at Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Department of Morphological, Eidological and Clinical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia IPO (Increasing People Opportunities), Perugia Department of Human, Environmental, and Natural Sciences Via Bramante, University of Urbino, Urbino (PG) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia Teaching appointment at the Pediatrics residency program Medical School University of Padua, Italy, Mogliano Veneto, Italy.
International journal of dermatology.Int J Dermatol.2012 Jul;51(7):790-795. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05235.x.
Background Skin diseases are very common in rural and urban areas of Ethiopia, and traditional preparations of plant origin might represent the only alternative to synthetic drugs. Improving knowledge of traditional medicines and assessing their safety and effectiveness is necessary. Methods W
PMID 22715822

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by chamomile protects murine macrophages against oxidative stress.

Bhaskaran N, Shukla S, Kanwal R, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.SourceDepartment of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
Life sciences.Life Sci.2012 Jun 27;90(25-26):1027-33. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
AIMS: Protection of cells from oxidative insult may be possible through direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species, or through stimulation of intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms by induction of antioxidant gene expression. In this study we investigated the cytoprotective effect of chamomi
PMID 22683429

Japanese Journal

Cytogenetics investigation in different populations of Anthemis tinctoria L. (yellow camomile) accessions from Iran

, , ,
Chromosome Science 16(3+4), 39-46, 2013
… (yellow camomile) medicinal plant belonging to the tribe Anthemideae within the family Compositae, from different Iranian origins were studied in aspect of cytogenetical marker. …
NAID 130004707284

Anaphylactic Reaction to Camomile Tea

, , , , ,
Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology 58(1), 135-136, 2009-03-01
… Background: A type-IV-allergic reaction to German camomile (Matricaria chamomilla) in a form of allergic contact dermatitis is not unusual. … However, only a few cases of anaphylactic reaction to camomile have been described in the literature. … Case Summary: We present the case of a 38-year-old Caucasian man who developed an episode of severe anaphylaxis with generalized urticaria, angioedema and severe dyspnoea one hour after consuming camomile tea. …
NAID 10025109378