関: CdCl2

WordNet

a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores (同)Cd, atomic number 48
any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)

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カドミウム(金属元素;化学記号は『Cd』)
塩化物

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/13 06:58:54」(JST)

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Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chlorine, with the formula CdCl₂. It is a hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Although it is considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. The crystal structure of cadmium chloride (described below), composed of two-dimensional layers of ions, is a reference for describing other crystal structures. Also known are CdCl₂.H₂O and CdCl₂^.5H₂O.^[2]

§Structure

Cadmium chloride forms crystals with rhombohedral symmetry. Cadmium iodide, CdI₂, has a very similar crystal structure to CdCl₂. The individual layers in the two structures are identical, but in CdCl₂ the chloride ions are arranged in a CCP lattice, whereas in CdI₂ the iodide ions are arranged in an HCP lattice.^[6]^[7]

§Chemical properties

Cadmium chloride dissolves well in water and other polar solvents. In water, its high solubility is due in part to formation of complex ions such as [CdCl₄]²⁻. Because of this behavior, CdCl₂ is a mild Lewis acid).^[6]

CdCl₂ + 2 Cl⁻ → [CdCl₄]²⁻

With large cations, it is possible to isolate the trigonal bipyramidal [CdCl₅]³⁻ ion.

§Preparation

Anhydrous cadmium chloride can be prepared by the action of anhydrous chlorine or hydrogen chloride gas on heated cadmium metal.

Cd + 2 HCl → CdCl₂ + H₂

Hydrochloric acid may be used to make hydrated CdCl₂ from the metal, or from cadmium oxide or cadmium carbonate.

§Uses

Cadmium chloride is used for the preparation of cadmium sulfide, used as "Cadmium Yellow", a brilliant-yellow stable inorganic pigment.

CdCl
2 + H
2S → CdS + 2 HCl

In the laboratory, anhydrous CdCl₂ can be used for the preparation of organocadmium compounds of the type R₂Cd, where R is an aryl or a primary alkyl. These were once used in the synthesis of ketones from acyl chlorides:^[8]

CdCl
2 + 2 RMgX → R
2Cd + MgCl
2 + MgX
2

R
2Cd + R'COCl → R'COR + CdCl
2

Such reagents have largely been supplanted by organocopper compounds, which are much less toxic.

Cadmium chloride is also used for photocopying, dyeing and electroplating.

§References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "cadmium chloride". http://chemister.ru. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
^ ^a ^b Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 169.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Cadmium Chloride - CdCl2". http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm. Mona, Jamaica: The University of the West Indies. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sigma-Aldrich Co., Cadmium chloride. Retrieved on 2014-05-23.
^ ^a ^b N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.
^ A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
^ J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed., p. 723, Wiley, New York, 1992.

§External links

International Chemical Safety Card 0116
IARC Monograph "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds"
National Pollutant Inventory - Cadmium and compounds

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cadmium chloride.

UpToDate Contents

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Cadmium exposure increases susceptibility to testicular autoimmunity in mice.

Ogawa Y, Itoh M, Hirai S, Suna S, Naito M, Qu N, Terayama H, Ikeda A, Miyaso H, Matsuno Y, Komiyama M, Mori C.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.J Appl Toxicol.2013 Jul;33(7):652-60. doi: 10.1002/jat.2713. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
Cadmium, one of various environmental toxicants, is known to suppress systemic immunity and to injure the testicular capillary endothelia with resultant necrosis of testicular tissues in mice and rats treated with high doses. Recently, it also became evident that cadmium can affect the integrity of
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Monitoring of deiodinase deficiency based on transcriptomic responses in SH-SY5Y cells.

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Isolation and identification of Aeromonas caviae strain KS-1 as TBTC- and lead-resistant estuarine bacteria.

Shamim K, Naik MM, Pandey A, Dubey SK.SourceLaboratory of Bacterial Genetics and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
Environmental monitoring and assessment.Environ Monit Assess.2013 Jun;185(6):5243-9. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2940-2. Epub 2012 Nov 8.
Tributyltin chloride (TBTC)- and lead-resistant estuarine bacterium from Mandovi estuary, Goa, India was isolated and identified as Aeromonas caviae strain KS-1 based on biochemical characteristics and FAME analysis. It tolerates TBTC and lead up to 1.0 and 1.4 mM, respectively, in the minimal salt
PMID 23132753

Japanese Journal

Extraction and Separation of Cadmium from the Chloride Solution of E-Waste Using Cyanex 923 Impregnated Amberlite XAD-7HP Resin

Materials transactions 56(8), 1294-1301, 2015-08
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リンク元	「CdCl2」「塩化カドミウム」
関連記事	「cadmium」「chloride」

「CdCl2」

Cadmium chloride
Names
	IUPAC name Cadmium dichloride
	Other names Cadmium(II) chloride
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	10108-64-2 ; 34330-64-8 (monohydrate)
ChEBI	CHEBI:35456
ChemSpider	23035
EC number	233-296-7
	InChI InChI=1S/Cd.2ClH/h;21H/q+2;;/p-2 ; Key: YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/Cd.2ClH/h;21H/q+2;;/p-2; Key: YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-NUQVWONBAG ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
PubChem	24947
RTECS number	EV0175000
	SMILES [Cd+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] ;
UNII	J6K4F9V3BA
UN number	2570
Properties
Molecular formula	CdCl2
Molar mass	183.32 g·mol−1
Appearance	White solid, hygroscopic
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.047 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 3.327 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point	568 °C (1,054 °F; 841 K); at 760 mmHg
Boiling point	964 °C (1,767 °F; 1,237 K); at 760 mmHg
Solubility in water	Hemipentahydrate:; 79.5 g/100 mL (−10 °C); 90 g/100 mL (0 °C); Monohydrate:; 119.6 g/100 mL (25 °C); 134.3 g/100 mL (40 °C); 134.2 g/100 mL (60 °C); 147 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in alcohol, selenium(IV) oxychloride, benzonitrile; Insoluble in ether, acetone
Solubility in pyridine	4.6 g/kg (0 °C); 7.9 g/kg (4 °C); 8.1 g/kg (15 °C); 6.7 g/kg (30 °C); 5 g/kg (100 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	1.3 g/100 g (10 °C); 1.48 g/100 g (20 °C); 1.91 g/100 g (40 °C); 2.53 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide	18 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure	0.01 kPa (471 °C); 0.1 kPa (541 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−6.87·10−5 cm3/mol
Viscosity	2.31 cP (597 °C); 1.87 cP (687 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hR9 (anhydrous); Monoclinic (hemipentahydrate)
Space group	R3m, No. 166 (anhydrous)
Point group	3 2/m (anhydrous)
Lattice constant	a = 3.846 Å, c = 17.479 Å (anhydrous)
Lattice constant	α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Thermochemistry
Specific; heat capacity (C)	74.7 J/mol·K
Std molar; entropy (So298)	115.3 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfHo298)	−391.5 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	−343.9 kJ/mol
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H301, H330, H340, H350, H360, H372, H410
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P260, P273, P284, P301+310, P310
EU Index	048-008-00-3
EU classification	T+ N; Carc. Cat. 2; Muta. Cat. 2; Repr. Cat. 2
R-phrases	R45, R46, R60, R61, R25, R26, R48/23/25, R50/53
S-phrases	S53, S45, S60, S61
NFPA 704	1 3 0
LD50 (Lethal dose)	94 mg/kg (rats, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions	Cadmium fluoride; Cadmium bromide; Cadmium iodide
Other cations	Zinc chloride; Mercury(II) chloride; Calcium chloride
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references