WordNet

foot pedal that moves a piston in the master brake cylinder
any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants
stop travelling by applying a brake; "We had to brake suddenly when a chicken crossed the road"
a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle
anything that slows or hinders a process; "she wan not ready to put the brakes on her life with a marriage"; "new legislation will put the brakes on spending"
an area thickly overgrown usually with one kind of plant
cause to stop by applying the brakes; "brake the car before you go into a curve"
operate the pedals on a keyboard instrument
a lever that is operated with the foot (同)treadle, foot pedal, foot lever
of or relating to the feet; "the word for a pedal extremity is `foot"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『ブレーキ,制動機』,歯止め / …‘に'ブレーキをかける / 〈人が〉ブレーキをかける
〈C〉やぶ,茂み / =bracken
(自転車・自動車などの)『ペダル』,踏み板 / (ピアノなどの)ペダル,踏み板 / …‘の'ペダルを踏む;(ペダルを踏んで)…‘を'走らせる / ペダルを踏む;(ペダルを踏んで)動かす / (人・動物の)足の / ペダルの
=brassiere,　brassiere

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/14 21:28:14」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Hanging pedals in a Subaru Legacy. From left to right: foot rest, clutch, brake, gas.

Standing pedals in a Saab Sonett (clutch, brake, gas)

An automobile may have two to four pedals. The arrangement is the same for both right- and left-hand traffic. From left to right:

normally operated by the left foot:
- clutch pedal, not in the case of automatic transmission
normally operated by the right foot:
- brake pedal, which is sometimes wide and elevated above the car floor
- throttle (known as the "accelerator" or "gas pedal"), controls fuel and air supply to the automobile's engine. It is usually narrow and close to the car floor allowing the driver's heel to rest on the car floor. It has a fail-safe design in that it automatically returns to the idle position when not depressed by the driver.

Some vehicles have a parking brake pedal instead of a hand brake lever. Pedals can be either "hanging" from the firewall (bulkhead) or "standing" on the floor.

Since the right foot is normally used (for the accelerator or brake) there is no foot rest on the right, not even in cars with cruise control. The left foot only has to operate the clutch intermittently (or has no function in an automatic vehicle) so sometimes a foot rest is provided to the left of the pedals. Some drivers practice left-foot braking, however it has proved to be difficult to train the left foot to skilfully press the brake pedal thus bringing the vehicle to a smooth stop; instead the outcome is usually a sudden stop.

Many cars now include pedals with electric adjustment, a modern iteration of a manual adjustment system available sporadically since the 1950s.

Other vehicles

Heavy vehicles on caterpillar tracks such as bulldozers or tanks may have two brake pedals; for the left and right side tracks respectively. These vehicles do not have a clutch pedal but two manually operated levers; the clutches and brakes are used for differential steering.

In a bulldozer the gas pedal operates in an opposite way to an automobile; depressed pedal = idle, released pedal = full open throttle.

A twin engined wheel tractor-scraper has two gas pedals next to each other; one for the front engine and one for the rear engine.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Compliant ankle function results in landing-take off asymmetry in legged locomotion.

Maykranz D1, Seyfarth A2.
Journal of theoretical biology.J Theor Biol.2014 May 21;349:44-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.01.029. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
The spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model is widely used to predict and explain basic characteristics of human walking and running. Its periodic running solutions can be mirrored at the instant of the vertical orientation of the leg and thus are symmetric between landing and take-off. In cont
PMID 24486249

Osteoarthritis of the knee or hip significantly impairs driving ability (cross-sectional survey).

Hofmann UK1, Jordan M, Rondak I, Wolf P, Kluba T, Ipach I.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders.BMC Musculoskelet Disord.2014 Jan 17;15:20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-20.
BACKGROUND: Advising patients about when they can drive after surgery is common practice after arthroplasty of the knee or hip. In the literature, the preoperative braking performance values of the patients are frequently taken as the "safe" landmark. We hypothesised that osteoarthritis (OA), the mo
PMID 24433417

Comparison of foot pedal reaction time among patients with right or left hemiplegia and able-bodied controls.

Pauley T1, Ismail F, Boulias C, Devlin M, Phadke CP.
Topics in stroke rehabilitation.Top Stroke Rehabil.2013 Nov-Dec;20(6):500-8. doi: 10.1310/tsr2006-500.
BACKGROUND: Although inpatient stroke rehabilitation provides clinicians with the opportunity to prepare patients for continuation of prestroke activities, little is known about the patients' ability to safely resume driving at the point of discharge to the community.OBJECTIVE: To compare foot pedal
PMID 24273297

Japanese Journal

熟練運転者の走行データに基づく無信号交差点における危険予測型ブレーキ支援システムに関する研究

ポンサトーンラクシンチャラーンサク,岩澤一成,永井正夫
日本機械学会論文集Ｃ編 79(808), 4802-4817, 2013
… The AC-servo motor is designed to pull the brake pedal which is connected with a wire and idlers. …
NAID 130003386534

予防安全効果評価シミュレータ (A Survey Simulator to Evaluate Safety Systems (ASSESS) ) におけるドライバのブレーキ操作タイミングの決定方法

森田和元,田中信壽,安本まこと,榎本恵,関根道昭,青木義郎
日本機械学会論文集Ｃ編 79(800), 1003-1011, 2013
… The two decisive factors of braking operations here are the braking timing and the brake pedal force. …
NAID 130003374979