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A doctor listening to a patient's bowel sounds using a stethoscope
A stomach rumble, also known as a bowel sound, peristaltic sound or bubble gut, is a rumbling, growling or gurgling noise produced by movement of the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract as they are propelled through the small intestine by a series of muscle contractions called peristalsis.[1] A trained healthcare provider can listen to these intestinal noises with a stethoscope, but they may be audible enough to be heard with the naked ear and are known as stomach rumble or borborygmus (pronounced /ˌbɔːrbəˈrɪɡməs/; plural borborygmi) as the fluid and gas moves forward in the intestines (in the vicinity of but not actually within the stomach). The lack of bowel sounds is indicative of ileus, intestinal obstruction, or some other serious pathology.
Contents
1Etymology
2Other causes
3Diseases and conditions
4Nonmedical usage
5See also
6References
Etymology
The scientific name borborygmus is related to the 16th-century French word borborygme, itself from Latin, ultimately from Ancient Greek βορβορυγμός (borborygmós). The Greeks probably onomatopoetically coined the word.
Other causes
Other causes of stomach rumbles:
Incomplete digestion of food can lead to excess gas in the intestine. In humans, this can be due to incomplete digestion of carbohydrate-containing foods, including milk and other dairy products (lactose intolerance or the use of α-glucosidase inhibitors by diabetics), gluten (protein in wheat, barley, and rye) (coeliac disease), fruit, vegetables, beans, legumes, and high-fiber whole grains. In rare instances, excessive abdominal noise may be a sign of digestive disease, especially when accompanied by abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation. Some examples of diseases that may be associated with this symptom include carcinoid neoplasm and coeliac sprue.[1]
Louder rumbles may occur when one is hungry. Around two hours after the stomach has been emptied, it sends signals to the brain, which tells the digestive muscles to restart peristalsis in a wave called the migrating motor complex. Food left behind after the first cycle is swept up, and the vibrations of the empty stomach cause hunger. Appetite plays a big role in this situation. Peristalsis recurs about every hour, and one's appetite may cause 10- to 20-minute food cravings.[citation needed]
Stomach rumbles can form further along the gastrointestinal system when air is swallowed while talking, eating, and drinking. This phenomenon occurs in most people and is typical.[2]
Diseases and conditions
Celiac disease is a condition that prevents the small intestine from absorbing parts of food that are needed to stay healthy. Consuming food containing gluten is dangerous for people with this disease: Intestinal villi help to absorb nutrients from food, but when gluten is consumed, the immune system attacks these villi as a result. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, and bulky or foul smelling stools.[3]
Colitis is swelling of the large intestine. The many different forms of colitis include cytomegalovirus or Cryptosporidium infection, and necrotizing and pseudomembranous colitis. The usual causes of colitis are infection and lack of blood flow. Symptoms may include bloody stools, chills, dehydration, diarrhea, and fever.[4]
Diverticulitis is a condition where small bulging sacs, usually found in the large intestine, become inflamed or infected. The most probable cause is a low-fiber diet, possibly a result of eating processed food. Diverticulitis is usually seen in about half the American population over the age of 60. Symptoms may include bloating, fever, and nausea.[5]
Irritable bowel syndrome, a disorder in the lower intestinal tract, is usually accompanied by other symptoms, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is more common in women and it usually occurs during early adulthood. There are many risk factors such as emotional stress and a low-fiber diet. These can all cause stomach disorders.
If caused by inflammation, it is treated with medicine. If caused by infection, it is treated with an antiprotozoal agent. If caused by lack of blood flow, it is treated with a liquid diet and antibiotics.
Diverticulitis
If symptoms are minimal, treat by:
Getting plenty of rest.
Using a heat pad while sleeping.
Taking pain medication.
Drinking only liquids for a few days, then build up slowly with harder liquid, and eventually solid food.
Avoid foods such as beans and peas along with coarse grains and dried fruits. Limiting consumption of coffee, tea, and alcohol is recommended.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Regular exercise and improved sleep habits can help relieve symptoms. Although IBS differs from person to person, dieting helps.
Avoid foods and drinks that contain caffeine.
Avoid large meals.
Increase the consumption of fiber throughout the day (helps constipation, but bloating may be an issue).
Nonmedical usage
The word borborygmic has been used in literature to describe noisy plumbing. In Ada, Vladimir Nabokov wrote: "All the toilets and waterpipes in the house had been suddenly seized with borborygmic convulsions".
In A Long Way Down (New York: Harper, 1959, p. 54), Elizabeth Fenwick wrote: "The room was very quiet, except for its borborygmic old radiator".[6]
Graham Greene's short story "Alas, Poor Maling" tells the tale of a luckless individual whose borborygmus takes the form of irritating noises that he has recently heard.
See also
Flatulence
Ileus
Migrating motor complex
References
Look up stomach rumble in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
^ abToothman, Jessika. "Causes of Stomach Growling". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
^Govender, Serusha. "Why Does My Stomach Growl?". WebMD. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
^"Celiac disease - sprue". A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. PubMed Health. January 20, 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
^"Colitis". A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. PubMed Health. October 16, 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
^"Diverticulitis". A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. PubMed Health. April 16, 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
^"Borborygmus". World Wide Words. 1998-10-12. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
v
t
e
Physiology of the gastrointestinal system
GI tract
Upper
Exocrine
Chief cells
Pepsinogen
Parietal cells
Gastric acid
Intrinsic factor
Foveolar cells
HCO3−
Mucus
Goblet cells
Mucus
Processes
Swallowing
Vomiting
Fluids
Saliva
Gastric acid
Gastric acid secretion:
Gastrin
G cells
Histamine
ECL cells
Somatostatin
D cells
Lower
Endocrine/paracrine
Bile and pancreatic secretion:
Enterogastrone
Cholecystokinin
I cells
Secretin
S cells
Glucose homeostasis (incretins):
GIP
K cells
GLP-1
L cells
Endocrine cell types:
Enteroendocrine cells
Enterochromaffin cell
APUD cell
Fluids
Intestinal juice
Processes
Segmentation contractions
Migrating motor complex
Borborygmus
Defecation
Enteric nervous system
Submucous plexus
Myenteric plexus
Either/both
Processes
Peristalsis (Interstitial cell of Cajal
Basal electrical rhythm)
Gastrocolic reflex
Digestion
Enterocyte
Accessory
Fluids
Bile
Pancreatic juice
Processes
Enterohepatic circulation
Abdominopelvic
Peritoneal fluid
UpToDate Contents
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…relatively mild gastrointestinal symptoms. In some cases, anorexia, flatulence, abdominal distension and borborygmi may be the only complaints. Abdominal pain is unusual except in individuals where the underlying…
…the stools may be bulky, frothy, and watery. In adults, diarrhea is not a predominant symptom. Borborygmi may be audible on physical examination and to the patient. However, there is considerable variability…
… progressive weight loss. Auscultation of the abdomen may reveal hyperactive bowel sounds, and borborygmi is common. Signs and symptoms of malabsorption are common, and include glossitis and cheilitis…
…body weight) Malabsorption; Stunted growth ; Malaise; Fatigue; Depression; Abdominal cramping; Borborygmi; Flatulence; Burping; The manifestations may wax and wane over many months. Malabsorption may…
…often mimic more common disorders such as IBS. In some cases, flatulence, abdominal distension, and borborygmi may be the only complaints suggesting malabsorption; other patients may be asymptomatic. The…
English Journal
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… We know from our previous experience that we can hear borborygmi without the aid of a stethoscope. … In this study, we propose a new method to evaluate bowel motility based on the acoustic analysis of borborygmi acquired from a non-contact microphone. … Through the experiments, we show that bowel motility can be evaluated via the analysis of borborygmi, similar to a stethoscope-based technique. …
… As a result, the periodicity of the bowel motility was able to be measured according to the borborygmi. … Additionally, the measurement of the bowel motility by the borborygmi was able to be confirmed. …
Everyone has borborygmi, but these noises may be louder in people who've had surgery on their intestines. This is not necessarily a cause for concern. In fact, having "bowel sounds" is important, because it means that the intestines ...
Borborygmi definition, a rumbling or gurgling sound caused by the movement of gas in the intestines. See more. See more. Borborygmi | Definition of Borborygmi at Dictionary.com