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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/12 03:54:51」(JST)

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Bejel, or endemic syphilis, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema endemicum.

Bejel is also known by a variety of other names, including belesh, dichuchwa, endemic syphilis, nonvenereal syphilis, frenga, njovera, skerljevo, siti, or treponematosis-bejel type.^[1]^{[citation needed]}

§Causes

Although the organism that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum,^[2] is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from Treponema pallidum pallidum, which causes venereal syphilis, transmission of bejel is not venereal in nature,^[3] generally resulting from mouth-to-mouth contact or sharing of domestic utensils, and the courses of the two diseases are somewhat different.

§Presentation

Disfiguring infiltration of the nose, glabella, and forehead with clustered nodules in left interciliary region of boy with endemic syphilis.

Bejel usually begins in childhood as a small mucous patch, often on the interior of the mouth, followed by the appearance of raised, eroding lesions on the limbs and trunk. Periostitis (inflammation) of the leg bones is commonly seen, and gummas of the nose and soft palate develop in later stages.

§Epidemiology

Bejel is mainly found in arid countries of the eastern Mediterranean region and in West Africa, where it is known as sahel. [sahel disease; to be distinguished from 'Sahel' the geographical band between North Sahara and Southern Sudan]

§Treatment

It is treatable with penicillin or other antibiotics, resulting in a complete recovery.

§See also

pinta (disease)
syphilis
yaws

§References

^ Medical Microbiology 6th edition, by Patrick R. Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller
^ Antal GM, Lukehart SA, Meheus AZ (January 2002). "The endemic treponematoses". Microbes Infect. 4 (1): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01513-1. PMID 11825779.
^ Pace JL, Csonka GW (October 1984). "Endemic non-venereal syphilis (bejel) in Saudi Arabia". Br J Vener Dis 60 (5): 293–7. doi:10.1136/sti.60.5.293. PMC 1046341. PMID 6487985.

UpToDate Contents

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1. イチゴ腫、ベジェル、およびピンタ yaws bejel and pinta
2. 国際養子縁組：感染症の側面 international adoption infectious disease aspects

English Journal

Recent Trends in the Serologic Diagnosis of Syphilis.

Morshed MG1, Singh AE2.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI.Clin Vaccine Immunol.2015 Feb;22(2):137-147. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Complexities in the diagnosis of syphilis continue to challenge clinicians. While direct tests (e.g., microscopy or PCR) are helpful in early syphilis, the mainstay of diagnosis remains serologic tests. The traditional algorithm using a nontreponemal test (NTT) followed by a treponemal test (TT) rem
PMID 25428245

Molecular Differentiation of Treponema pallidum Subspecies in Skin Ulceration Clinically Suspected as Yaws in Vanuatu Using Real-Time Multiplex PCR and Serological Methods.

Chi KH1, Danavall D1, Taleo F1, Pillay A1, Ye T1, Nachamkin E1, Kool JL1, Fegan D1, Asiedu K1, Vestergaard LS1, Ballard RC1, Chen CY2.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.Am J Trop Med Hyg.2015 Jan 7;92(1):134-8. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0459. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
We developed a TaqMan-based real-time quadriplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to simultaneously detect Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, and T. pallidum subsp. endemicum, the causative agents of venereal syphilis, yaws, and bejel, respectively. The PCR assay was
PMID 25404075

Performance Evaluation of the Elecsys Syphilis Assay for the Detection of Total Antibodies to Treponema pallidum.

Enders M1, Hunjet A1, Gleich M2, Imdahl R2, Mühlbacher A3, Schennach H3, Chaiwong K4, Sakuldamrongpanich T4, Turhan A5, Sertöz R5, Wolf E6, Mayer W7, Tao C8, Wang LL8, Semprini S9, Sambri V10.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI.Clin Vaccine Immunol.2015 Jan;22(1):17-26. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00505-14. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
Syphilis is a health problem of increasing incidence in recent years that may have severe complications if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. There are many diagnostic tests available for syphilis, but there is no gold standard, and diagnosis therefore usually relies upon a combination of
PMID 25355799