関: axillary shoot

WordNet

a partially opened flower
a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
develop buds; "The hibiscus is budding!"
start to grow or develop; "a budding friendship"
of or relating to the armpit; "axillary gland"
of or relating to the axil (同)alar

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『茅;つぼみ』 / 〈C〉(下等動物の)茅状突起 / 〈U〉発茅;発茅期 / 〈C〉子供,小娘,少年 / 〈植物が〉茅を出す;つぼみを持つ / 成長し始める

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/18 08:11:50」(JST)

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The axillary bud is a bud that develops in the axil of a leaf of a plant (synonymous with lateral bud), more exactly it is actually still an embryonic shoot which lies dormantly at the junction of the stem and petiole of a plant. It arises exogenously from outer layer of cortex of the stem. Sometimes from axillary buds instead of branches (axillary shoot) also arise flowers, these buds are called floral buds.

As the apical meristem grows and forms leaves, it leaves behind a region of meristematic cells at the node between the stem and the leaf. These axillary buds are usually dormant, inhibited by auxin produced by the apical meristem, which is known as apical dominance. If the apical meristem was removed, or has grown a sufficient distance away from an axillary bud, the axillary bud may become activated (or more appropriately freed from hormone inhibition). Like the apical meristem, axillary buds can develop into a stem or flower.

Certain plant diseases - notably phytoplasmas - can cause the proliferation of axillary buds, and cause plants to become bushy in appearance.The shoots of most vascular plants branch according to a consistent plan, with each new axis arising in the angle between a leaf and a stem—that is, in a leaf axil. In some plants, buds may also form from the older parts of shoot or root remote from the main apices; these buds, termed adventitious, do not conform to the general plan.

Axillary buds can be used to differentiate if the plant is single-leafed or multi-leafed. Simply count the number of leaves after an axillary bud. If there is only one leaf, then the plant is considered single-leafed, vice versa.

Some example of axillary buds are the eyes of the potato, etc. These help in the propagation of new plants.

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English Journal

Glandular trichomes and essential oil characteristics of in vitro propagated Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth. (Lamiaceae).

Stojičić D1, Tošić S1, Slavkovska V2, Zlatković B1, Budimir S3, Janošević D4, Uzelac B5.
Planta.Planta.2016 Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print]
MAIN CONCLUSION: In vitro conditions and benzyladenine influenced both content and composition of micropropagated Micromeria pulegium essential oils, with pulegone and menthone being the main essential oil components. The content and chemical composition of Micromeria pulegium (Rochel) Benth. essent
PMID 27074837

On the language and physiology of dormancy and quiescence in plants.

Considine MJ1, Considine JA2.
Journal of experimental botany.J Exp Bot.2016 Apr 6. pii: erw138. [Epub ahead of print]
The language of dormancy is rich and poetic, as researchers spanning disciplines and decades have attempted to understand the spell that entranced 'Sleeping Beauty', and how she was gently awoken. The misleading use of 'dormancy', applied to annual axillary buds, for example, has confounded progress
PMID 27053719

Fertilization Independent Endosperm genes repress NbGH3.6 and regulate the auxin level during shoot development in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Zeng J1, Ding Q1, Fukuda H2, He XQ3.
Journal of experimental botany.J Exp Bot.2016 Apr;67(8):2207-17. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw024. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
TheFertilization Independent Endosperm(FIE) gene is required to restrict endosperm development without fertilization, and it represses flowering during embryo and seedling development inArabidopsis thaliana However, the regulatory mechanism of theFIEgene in postembryonic shoot development is not wel
PMID 26873977

Japanese Journal

LED光の波長帯が三倍体センノウの腋芽由来シュートの成長に及ぼす影響

神戸敏成,岡田雄治,久我口阿門 [他]
富山県中央植物園研究報告 = Bulletin of the Botanic Gardens of Toyama (20), 15-20, 2015-02
NAID 40020419086

"In vitro寄せ接ぎ法"によって作製したハカラシナ（Brassica juncea）とムラサキキャベツ（B. oleracea）の種間キメラの特性および増殖

岡安浩次,肖秋濱,太田惣介 [他],山田祐彰,及川洋征,山田哲也,金勝一樹,荻原勲
園芸学研究 14(2), 111-119, 2015
ハカラシナとムラサキキャベツの種間接木キメラがin vitro接木によって作製された．接木によって得られた個体から，腋芽培養で増殖した植物体は葉の形態調査によってHHR型またはHRR型周縁キメラであることが確認された．また，PCRによる多型解析からもキメラ性が確認された．周縁キメラの葉や花の形態的特性を解析することで，アブラナ属植物においてLIは毛茸形成と萼色に，LIIは鋸歯縁小葉の形成，花弁状雄 …
NAID 130005086513

Involvement of Gibberellins in the Regulation of Tillering in Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

Yamazaki Hiroko,Shiraiwa Nobutaka,Itai Akihiro,Honda Ichiro
The Horticulture Journal advpub(0), 2015
… GAs were considered to be involved in not axillary bud outgrowth but its initiation for the following results: UCP treatment raised the leaf position with the first tiller, and the tillering-promoting effect of GA3 treatment became apparent about 8 weeks after the treatment, which mostly corresponded to the period during which an axillary bud initiated near the shoot apex develops to become visible. …
NAID 130005071575