- 関
- pure culture
WordNet
- grow in a special preparation; "the biologist grows microorganisms"
- (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar); "the culture of cells in a Petri dish"
- the raising of plants or animals; "the culture of oysters"
- a particular society at a particular time and place; "early Mayan civilization" (同)civilization, civilisation
- the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization; "the developing drug culture"; "the reason that the agency is doomed to inaction has something to do with the FBI culture"
- the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group
- (used of cultures of microorganisms) completely free from other organisms; "an axenic culture"
- (of experimental animals) raised under sterile conditions; "axenic conditions"; "germfree animals"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『教養』;修養;教化 / 〈C〉〈U〉『文化』(主として精神面をさし,生活・習慣・物の考え方などを含む)Greek cultureギリシア文化 / 〈U〉(…の)『耕作』;『栽培』,養殖,培養《+『of』+『名』》
- 教養のある,洗練された,上品な / 栽培(養殖)された
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/09/19 01:48:08」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Physcomitrella patens plants growing axenically on an agar plate (Petri dish, 9 cm diameter).
In biology, axenic describes a culture of an organism that is entirely free of all other "contaminating" organisms. The earliest axenic cultures were of bacteria or unicellular eukaryotes, but axenic cultures of many multicellular organisms are also possible.[1] Axenic culture is an important tool for the study of symbiotic and parasitic organisms in a controlled manner.
Contents
- 1 Preparation
- 2 Experimental use
- 3 References
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Preparation
Axenic cultures of microorganisms are typically prepared using a dilution series of an existing mixed culture. This culture is successively diluted to the point where subsamples of it contain only a few individual organisms, ideally only a single individual (in the case of an asexual species). These subcultures are allowed to grow until the identity of their constituent organisms can be ascertained. Selection of those cultures consisting solely of the desired organism produces the axenic culture.
Axenic cultures are usually checked routinely to ensure that they remain axenic. One standard approach with microorganisms is to spread a sample of the culture onto an agar plate, and to incubate this for a fixed period of time. The agar should be an enriched medium that will support the growth of common "contaminating" organisms. Such "contaminating" organisms will grow on the plate during this period, identifying cultures that are no longer axenic.
Experimental use
As axenic cultures are derived from very few organisms, or even a single individual, they are useful because the organisms present within them share a relatively narrow gene pool. In the case of an asexual species derived from a single individual, the resulting culture should consist of identical organisms (though processes such as mutation and horizontal gene transfer may introduce a degree of variability). Consequently, they will generally respond in a more uniform and reproducible fashion, simplifying the interpretation of experiments.
Problems
The axenic culture of some pathogens is complicated because they normally thrive within host tissues which exhibit properties that are difficult to replicate in vitro. This is especially true in the case of intracellular pathogens. However, careful replication of key features of the host environment can resolve these difficulties (e.g. host metabolites, dissolved oxygen), such as with the Q fever pathogen, Coxiella burnetii.[2]
References
- ^ Thain, M.; Hickman, M. (1994). Dictionary of Biology (9th edition). Penguin Books, London, UK. ISBN 0-14-051288-8
- ^ Omsland, Anders; et al. (2009). "Host cell-free growth of the Q fever bacterium Coxiella burnetii". PNAS 106 (11): 4430–4434. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812074106. PMC 2657411. PMID 19246385. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657411/.
Microbiology: Bacteria
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Pathogenic bacteria |
- Bacterial disease
- Coley's Toxins
- Exotoxin
- Lysogenic cycle
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Human flora |
- Gut flora
- Skin flora
- Vaginal flora
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Substrate preference |
- Lipophilic
- Saccharophilic
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Oxygen preference |
- Aerobic
- Anaerobic
- Microaerophile
- Nanaerobe
- Aerotolerant
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Structures |
Cell envelope
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- Gram-positive bacteria only: Teichoic acid
- Lipoteichoic acid
- Endospore
- Gram-negative bacteria only: Bacterial outer membrane
- Periplasmic space
- Mycobacteria only: Arabinogalactan
- Mycolic acid
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Outside envelope
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- Bacterial capsule
- Slime layer
- S-layer
- Glycocalyx
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Composite
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Shapes |
- Bacterial cellular morphologies
- L-form bacteria
- Coccus
- Bacillus
- Coccobacillus
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gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Use of a triiodide resin for isolation of axenic cultures of microalgal Nannochloropsis gaditana.
- Nam K1, Shin WS1, Jeong BR1, Park MS2, Yang JW2, Kwon JH3.
- Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Sep;191:391-4. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.082. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
- Triiodide resin (TR) was used to generate axenic cultures of microalgae by employing the antibacterial capability of triiodide. A Nannochloropsis gaditana culture contaminated with bacteria was passed through a column filled with TR using the gravity flow. Based on analyses of flow cytometry and vit
- PMID 25818920
- Novel culture medium for the axenic growth of Balamuthia mandrillaris.
- Lares-Jiménez LF1, Gámez-Gutiérrez RA2, Lares-Villa F3.
- Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.2015 Aug;82(4):286-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.04.007. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
- Until now, for axenic cultivation of Balamuthia mandrillaris, the BM-3 culture medium and the Modified Chang's special medium have been the only ones recommended, but they have some disadvantages, as both require many components and their preparations are laborious. Therefore, we developed a novel c
- PMID 25957459
- Saprophytic growth of the alder rust fungus Melampsoridium hiratsukanum on artificial media.
- Moricca S1, Ginetti B2.
- Fungal biology.Fungal Biol.2015 Jul;119(7):568-79. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
- The first axenic culture of a free living saprophytic stage of the exotic rust fungus Melampsoridium hiratsukanum is reported. Colonies were obtained from one-celled, dikaryotic urediniospores on eight nutrient media out of twelve. Modified Harvey and Grasham (HG) and Schenk and Hildebrandt (HS) med
- PMID 26058533
Japanese Journal
- Robust in vitro assay system for quantitative analysis of parasitic root-knot nematode infestation using Lotus japonicus
- Amin Arshana N. N.,Hayashi Shuhei,Bartlem Derek G.
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 118(2), 205-213, 2014-08
- NAID 40020169753
- Robust in vitro assay system for quantitative analysis of parasitic root-knot nematode infestation using Lotus japonicus(PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY)
- Amin Arshana N. N.,Hayashi Shuhei,Bartlem Derek G.
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 118(2), 205-213, 2014-08
- Root-knot nematodes are sedentary endoparasites that induce permanent infestation sites inside the roots of a broad range of crop plants. The development of effective control strategies require unders …
- NAID 110009840787
- Application of PTR-MS to an incubation experiment of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
- Kameyama Sohiko,Tanimoto Hiroshi,Inomata Satoshi [他],SUZUKI KOJI,KOMATSU DAISUKE D.,HIROTA AKINARI,KONNO UTA,TSUNOGAI URUMU
- Geochemical journal : journal of the Geochemical Society of Japan 45(5), 355-363, 2011-10-01
- … Emission of trace gases from the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (CCMP 1335) was continuously monitored with a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in an axenic batch culture system under a 13:11-h light:dark cycle. …
- NAID 10030362941
Related Links
- a·xen·ic (ā-zĕn′ĭk, ā-zē′nĭk) adj. Not contaminated by or associated with any other living organisms. Usually used in reference to pure cultures of ... Its stock clonal axenic culture has been maintained on agar slants (1% v/v) at 28 ...
- axenic culture a pure culture of parasites. axenic culture a pure culture of microorganisms, i.e., one free from contaminating microorganisms or, in the case of ... The axenic cultures are not the best way to increase larval survival, but ...
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