WordNet

of or relating to an autosome; "autosomal gene"
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa (同)somatic chromosome

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/09 07:29:00」(JST)

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This article is about a type of chromosome. For the ancestral discovery method using autosomal DNA, see Genealogical DNA test#Geographic origin tests.

An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (i.e., not a sex chromosome).^[1] Autosomes appear in pairs whose members have the same form but differ from other pairs in a diploid cell, whereas members of an allosome pair may differ from one another and thereby determine sex.

For example, humans have a diploid genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total). The autosome pairs are labeled with numbers (1-22 in humans) roughly in order of their sizes in base pairs, while allosomes are labeled with their letters.^[2] By contrast, the allosome pair consists of two X chromosomes in females or one X and one Y chromosome in males. (Unusual combinations of XYY, XXY, XXX, XXXX, XXXXX or XXYY, among other allosome combinations, are known to occur and usually cause developmental abnormalities.)

Human chromosomes
Female (XX)	Male (XY)

There are two copies of each autosome (chromosomes 1-22) in both females and males. The sex chromosomes are different: There are two copies of the X-chromosome in females, but males have a single X-chromosome and a Y-chromosome.

References[edit]

^ Griffiths, Anthony J. F. (1999). An Introduction to genetic analysis. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3771-X.
^ http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=autosome

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「常染色体性」「autosomally」
拡張検索	「autosomal dominant nemaline myopathy」「autosomal recessive polycystic kidney」「autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease」