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1. 一過性脳虚血発作の病因および臨床症状 etiology and clinical manifestations of transient ischemic attack
2. 心血管疾患の二次予防 secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
3. 脳卒中評価の概要 overview of the evaluation of stroke
4. ホモシステインの概要 overview of homocysteine
5. 虚血性脳卒中の二次予防の概要 overview of secondary prevention of ischemic stroke

English Journal

Antiatherothrombotic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors.

Cameron-Vendrig A1, Mundil D, Husain M.Author information 1Toronto General Research Institute, TMDT 3-909, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.AbstractAtherothrombotic cardiovascular events are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A number of factors beyond hyperglycemia contribute to this increased risk of cardiovascular events in T2D, including elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and enhanced platelet activation. Importantly, most currently available antihyperglycemic treatments for T2D do not address these additional mechanisms. Indeed, we posit that this may explain why more intensive treatment of hyperglycemia has not contributed to a reduced incidence of cardiovascular events in subjects with T2D. Incretin-targeted therapies, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, are a relatively new class of antidiabetic treatments, and preclinical as well as small mechanistic clinical studies suggest that they exert beneficial cardiovascular effects. This review focuses specifically on the potential antiatherothrombotic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.
Current atherosclerosis reports.Curr Atheroscler Rep.2014 May;16(5):408. doi: 10.1007/s11883-014-0408-2.
Atherothrombotic cardiovascular events are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A number of factors beyond hyperglycemia contribute to this increased risk of cardiovascular events in T2D, including elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, inflammation, end
PMID 24623180

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the development of coronary heart disease and stroke subtypes in a general Japanese population: The Hisayama Study.

Imamura T1, Doi Y1, Ninomiya T1, Hata J1, Nagata M1, Ikeda F1, Mukai N1, Hirakawa Y1, Yoshida D2, Fukuhara M1, Kitazono T3, Kiyohara Y4.Author information 1Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.2Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.3Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.4Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: kiyohara@envmed.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has not been fully determined whether non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) levels are involved in vascular events, especially stroke, in general Asian populations. We evaluated the association between non-HDLC levels and the risk of type-specific cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort study in Japan.
Atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis.2014 Apr;233(2):343-8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has not been fully determined whether non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) levels are involved in vascular events, especially stroke, in general Asian populations. We evaluated the association between non-HDLC levels and the risk of type-specific cardiovascu
PMID 24530960

Platelet-derived S100 family member myeloid-related protein-14 regulates thrombosis.

Wang Y, Fang C, Gao H, Bilodeau ML, Zhang Z, Croce K, Liu S, Morooka T, Sakuma M, Nakajima K, Yoneda S, Shi C, Zidar D, Andre P, Stephens G, Silverstein RL, Hogg N, Schmaier AH, Simon DI.AbstractExpression of the gene encoding the S100 calcium-modulated protein family member MRP-14 (also known as S100A9) is elevated in platelets from patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared with those from patients with stable coronary artery disease; however, a causal role for MRP-14 in acute coronary syndromes has not been established. Here, using multiple models of vascular injury, we found that time to arterial thrombotic occlusion was markedly prolonged in Mrp14-/- mice. We observed that MRP-14 and MRP-8/MRP-14 heterodimers (S100A8/A9) are expressed in and secreted by platelets from WT mice and that thrombus formation was reduced in whole blood from Mrp14-/- mice. Infusion of WT platelets, purified MRP-14, or purified MRP-8/MRP-14 heterodimers into Mrp14-/- mice decreased the time to carotid artery occlusion after injury, indicating that platelet-derived MRP-14 directly regulates thrombosis. In contrast, infusion of purified MRP-14 into mice deficient for both MRP-14 and CD36 failed to reduce carotid occlusion times, indicating that CD36 is required for MRP-14-dependent thrombosis. Our data identify a molecular pathway of thrombosis that involves platelet MRP-14 and CD36 and suggest that targeting MRP-14 has potential for treating atherothrombotic disorders, including MI and stroke.
The Journal of clinical investigation.J Clin Invest.2014 Apr 1. pii: 70966. doi: 10.1172/JCI70966. [Epub ahead of print]
Expression of the gene encoding the S100 calcium-modulated protein family member MRP-14 (also known as S100A9) is elevated in platelets from patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared with those from patients with stable coronary artery disease; however, a causal role for MRP
PMID 24691441