WordNet

not synchronous; not occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase
(digital communication) pertaining to a transmission technique that does not require a common clock between the communicating devices; timing signals are derived from special characters in the data stream itself

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/28 20:59:25」(JST)

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Look up async, asynchronous, asynchronously, or asynchrony in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Asynchrony, in the general meaning, is the state of not being synchronized.

Asynchronous learning, a student-centered teaching method that uses online learning resources to facilitate information sharing outside the constraints of time and place among a network of people
Collaborative editing systems

In specific terms of digital logic and physical layer of communication, an asynchronous process does not require a clock signal, in contrast with synchronous and plesiochronous systems.

Asynchronous circuit, circuit, is a sequential digital logic circuit which is not governed by a clock circuit or global clock signal
Asynchronous system, in contrast, has no global clock: instead, it operates under distributed control, with concurrent hardware components communicating and synchronizing on channels
Asynchronous communication, transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream
Asynchronous serial communication, describes an asynchronous, serial transmission protocol in which a start signal is sent prior to each byte, character or code word and a stop signal is sent after each code word
- Asynchronous serial interfaces
Asynchronous cellular automaton, able to update individual cells independently, in such a way that the new state of a cell affects the calculation of states in neighbouring cells

At the higher data link layer of communication, asynchrony is synonym of statistical multiplexing, such as in packet mode. The information transmission may or may not start immediately as requested by sender, the additional delay being caused by medium congestion. Contrast with example of circuit switched communication, which (once circuit is established) allows immediate start of transfer with a guaranteed bit rate. Confusingly, a communication is often synchronous at the physical layer, while being asynchronous at the data link layer.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode, according to the ATM Forum, "a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU (formerly CCITT) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals," and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks
Packet switched systems such as Ethernet or IP

In programming, asynchronous events are those occurring independently of the main program flow. Asynchronous actions are actions executed in a non-blocking scheme, allowing the main program flow to continue processing.^[1]

Asynchronous I/O, in computer science, is a form of input/output processing that permits other processing to continue before the transmission has finished
Asynchronous application programming interfaces (APIs)
Asynchronous method dispatch (AMD), a data communication method used when there is a need for the server side to handle a large number of long lasting client requests
Ajax (programming), asynchronous JavaScript and XML

In electric motors, an asynchronous motor is a variant where the electromagnetic field turns with a different (higher) speed than the rotor; the difference is called slip.

References

^ Microsoft documentation describing asynchronous message processing. Accessed on 09-09-2007.

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Japanese Journal

複数パケット格納可能な自律型First-In-First-Out光バッファ(光部品・電子デバイス実装技術,一般)

岸川博紀,梅技宏考,小田次郎,白水秀知,後藤信夫,柳谷伸一郎
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. LQE, レーザ・量子エレクトロニクス 111(186), 97-102, 2011-08-18
本研究では,帰還ループ光ファイバ遅延線で構成した自律型FIFO光バッファを提案している.当光バッファは,非同期到着・可変長の光パケットを各遅延線に複数格納し,その格納及び取出しは自律的に制御する.本稿では,当バッファの構成,動作,および特性としてパケット棄却率および平均遅延時間を計算機シミュレーションによって検証した結果について報告する.検証の結果,我々が以前に提案した単一パケットのみを格納する方 …
NAID 110008801298

複数パケット格納可能な自律型First-In-First-Out光バッファ(光部品・電子デバイス実装技術,一般)

岸川博紀,梅技宏考,小田次郎,白水秀知,後藤信夫,柳谷伸一郎
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. OPE, 光エレクトロニクス 111(185), 97-102, 2011-08-18
本研究では,帰還ループ光ファイバ遅延線で構成した自律型FIFO光バッファを提案している.当光バッファは,非同期到着・可変長の光パケットを各遅延線に複数格納し,その格納及び取出しは自律的に制御する.本稿では,当バッファの構成,動作,および特性としてパケット棄却率および平均遅延時間を計算機シミュレーションによって検証した結果について報告する.検証の結果,我々が以前に提案した単一パケットのみを格納する方 …
NAID 110008801283