関: pubic arch

WordNet

a continuous portion of a circle
one of the three sections of the hipbone; together these two bones form the front of the pelvis (同)pubic_bone, os_pubis
a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea (同)arcus_senilis

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『弧』,円弧 / 電弧(2点間を弧状に流れる電流) / 弧を描く / 電弧を生じる
恥骨
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Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/22 22:34:15」(JST)

wiki en

The pubic arch is part of the pelvis. It is formed by the convergence of the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis on either side, below the pubic symphysis. The angle at which they converge is known as the subpubic angle.^[1]

Function

The pubic arch is one of three notches (the one in front) that separated the eminences of the lower circumference of the true pelvis.^{[citation needed]}

Clinical significance

Subpubic angle

The subpubic angle (or pubic angle) is the angle in the human body formed at pubic arch by the convergence of the inferior rami of the ischium and pubis on either side. The subpubic angle is important in forensic anthropology, in determining the sex of someone from skeletal remains. A subpubic angle of 50-82 degrees indicates a male; an angle of 90 degrees indicates a female.^[2] Women have wider hips - a greater subpubic angle - in order to allow for child birth. Other sources operates with 50-60 degrees for males and 70-90 degrees in females.^[1]

As seen in the picture , there is a distinctive difference between the pubic arch of a male and a female. This difference is found in the subpubic angle. The area in which the pubic arch is located is the pelvis, the area that is most different between male and female anatomy. The subpubic angle of a man is generally 50-60 degrees while that of a woman is generally 70-90 degrees.^[1] The reason for this difference has to do with childbirth. A woman’s pubic arch is wider in order to allow for the passage of the child during birth. The pelvic inlet of a female is also wider because the child’s head must pass through it. The pubic arch is also referred to as the ischiopubic arch.

Female subpubic angle
Male subpubic angle

Intrapubic angle

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7.
^ Anthony J. Bertino. Forensic Science - Fundamentals and Investigations. South-Western Cengage Learning, 2000. ISBN 978-0-538-44586-3. Page 368

UpToDate Contents

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1. ケジラミ症と眼瞼ケジラミ症 pediculosis pubis and pediculosis ciliaris
2. 女性泌尿生殖器の外科解剖学 surgical female urogenital anatomy
3. 恥骨骨炎 osteitis pubis
4. 成人における骨盤骨髄炎およびその他の骨盤の感染症 pelvic osteomyelitis and other infections of the bony pelvis in adults
5. Approach to hip and groin pain in the athlete and active adult

English Journal

Injuries to the levator ani in unexplained, chronic pelvic pain.

Quinn M.Author information Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK. mjquinn001@btinternet.comAbstractPatterns of injury to the levator ani in parous women with laparoscopy-negative, chronic pelvic pain (CPP) are described. A consecutive series of 26 parous women with laparoscopy-negative CPP, had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Similar imaging studies were performed in 32 parous women having MRI scans for other clinical indications and 20 asymptomatic, nulliparous women. Three patterns of injury/defect to the levator ani (LAd) were observed in 20/26 patients with unexplained pelvic pain: avulsion of the pubococcygeus from its origin at the pubis (LAd I, 3/20), avulsion of the pubococcygeus from its origin at the arcus tendineus levator ani (LAd II, 14/20), and, loss of shape and form of the pubococcygeus (LAd III, 6/20). Three patterns of injury to the levator ani have been described with MR imaging in parous women with unexplained CPP.
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.J Obstet Gynaecol.2007 Nov;27(8):828-31.
Patterns of injury to the levator ani in parous women with laparoscopy-negative, chronic pelvic pain (CPP) are described. A consecutive series of 26 parous women with laparoscopy-negative CPP, had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Similar imaging studies were pe
PMID 18097905

Anterior compartment prolapse repair with a hybrid biosynthetic mesh implant technique.

Robles JE1, Rioja J, Saiz A, Brugarolas X, Rosell D, Zudaire JJ, Berian JM.Author information 1Urology, Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jerobles@unav.esAbstractThe aim of the present study is to assess the safety and feasibility of a new technique for cystocele repair using a hybrid biosynthetic graft fixed by the transobturator approach. This is a retrospective study of 13 women diagnosed with symptomatic anterior compartment prolapse that were in stages II and IV, using Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification score and treated between 2003 and 2006. The surgical procedure was carried out through a vaginal approach, exposing the arcus tendineus and the posterior surface of the obturator foramen from the ischial spine to the inferior pubic ramus bone. The patients were followed-up after 3, 6 and 12 months. The anatomical cure rate was 85% (stage 0), although two patients had a recurrence 8 months after surgery. All patients would repeat the procedure, if necessary. No de novo dyspareunia was observed in these small series. The results suggest that this technique is safe and feasible and is a comprehensive surgical approach for anterior compartment prolapse, without postoperative morbidity.
International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction.Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.2007 Oct;18(10):1191-6. Epub 2007 Jan 24.
The aim of the present study is to assess the safety and feasibility of a new technique for cystocele repair using a hybrid biosynthetic graft fixed by the transobturator approach. This is a retrospective study of 13 women diagnosed with symptomatic anterior compartment prolapse that were in stages
PMID 17245545

Effects of clopidogrel on survival of rat skin flaps.

Ersoy A1, Sevin K, Sevin A, Serel S.Author information 1Iskenderun Government Hospital, Plastic Surgery Department, Iskenderun, Turkey.AbstractClopidogrel is a thienopyridine derivative that is chemically related to ticlopidine, which irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively binding to adenylate cyclase-coupled adenosine diphosphate receptors on the platelet's surface. In animal models, clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the incidence of both arterial and venous thrombi. In the present study the effects of clopidogrel on the survival of rat epigastric island flaps was researched. Epigastric island flaps of 7x7cm were raised from symphisis pubis to arcus costa with the panniculus carnosus. The experimental group received seven doses of 25mg/kg clopidogrel postoperatively, the first dose given immediately after the suturing of the flaps. The rats were anaesthetised on postoperative day 7 to assess the survival of flaps. The difference between the clopidogrel and the control group was significant (P<0.005). The full-thickness skin samples obtained after the calculation of survival percentages revealed thinning of the epidermis layer and active chronic inflammation in both groups. However, diffuse dilated vessels, extravasated eritrocytes were seen in the clopidogrel group flaps. The results indicated a significant increase in flap survival in rats given clopidogrel. Further research is needed to assess the critical doses of clopidogrel to create optimal flap survival improvement.
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2007;60(8):861-3. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine derivative that is chemically related to ticlopidine, which irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively binding to adenylate cyclase-coupled adenosine diphosphate receptors on the platelet's surface. In animal models, clopidogrel has been shown to reduce
PMID 17418655

Related Pictures

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リンク元	「恥骨弓」
関連記事	「arc」

「恥骨弓」

Pubic arch
	Female pelvis (pubic arch labeled at bottom center.)
	Male pelvis (pubic arch labeled at bottom center.)
Details
Latin	Arcus pubicus
Identifiers
Gray's	p.240
Dorlands; /Elsevier	a_58/12150723
FMA	16951
	Anatomical terms of bone