WordNet

plant by the roots
(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
a number that, when multiplied by itself some number of times, equals a given number
cause to take roots
take root and begin to grow; "this plant roots quickly"
(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem" (同)root word, base, stem, theme, radical
the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jaw and serves as support (同)tooth_root
come into existence, originate; "The problem roots in her depression"
the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage; "his roots in Texas go back a long way"; "he went back to Sweden to search for his roots"; "his music has African roots"
the process of putting forth roots and beginning to grow

PrepTutorEJDIC

《しばしば複数形で》『根』 / 『根元』 / 《the~》『根源』,根本;根底 / 《複数形で》(その人の根底にある)ある場所との根源的なつながり / (数学で)根,ルート / (派生語の)語根(例えばrootlessの中のroot) / 〈植物〉‘を'『根づかせる』 / 《しばしば受動態で》(根をおろしたように)(…に)…‘を'『定着させる』『+『名』+『to』(『in』)+『名』》 / (…に)『根を下ろす』,定着する《+『in』(『on』,『to』)+『名』》
〈豚などが〉(…をあさって)鼻で地面を掘る《+『about』(『around』)『for』+『名』》 / (…を捜して)〈人が〉かき回す《+『about for』+『名』》
(…を)声援する,(…の)成功を願う《+『for』+『名』》
《補語にのみ用いて》(植物が)根づいた / (考えなどが)定着した

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/30 22:02:33」(JST)

wiki en

The ascending aorta (AAo)^[1] is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.

Structure

It passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart’s axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 centimetres (2.4 in) behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 centimetres (2.0 in).

Components

The aortic root is the portion of the aorta beginning at the aortic annulus and extending to the sinotubular junction. It is sometimes regarded as a part of the ascending aorta,^[2] and sometimes regarded as a separate entity from the rest of the ascending aorta.^[3]

Between each commissure of the aortic valve and opposite the cusps of the aortic valve, three small dilatations called the aortic sinuses.

The sinotubular junction is the point in the ascending aorta where the aortic sinuses end and the aorta becomes a tubular structure.

Size

A thoracic aortic diameter greater than 3.5 cm is generally considered dilated, whereas a diameter greater than 4.5 cm is generally considered to be a thoracic aortic aneurysm.^[4] Still, the average diameter in the population varies by for example age and sex. The upper limit of standard reference range of the ascending aorta may be up to 4.3 cm among large, elderly individuals.^[5]

Relations

At the union of the ascending aorta with the aortic arch the caliber of the vessel is increased, owing to a bulging of its right wall.

This dilatation is termed the bulb of the aorta, and on transverse section presents a somewhat oval figure.

The ascending aorta is contained within the pericardium, and is enclosed in a tube of the serous pericardium, common to it and the pulmonary artery.

The ascending aorta is covered at its commencement by the trunk of the pulmonary artery and the right auricula, and, higher up, is separated from the sternum by the pericardium, the right pleura, the anterior margin of the right lung, some loose areolar tissue, and the remains of the thymus; posteriorly, it rests upon the left atrium and right pulmonary artery.

On the right side, it is in relation with the superior vena cava and right atrium, the former lying partly behind it; on the left side, with the pulmonary artery.

Branches

The only branches of the ascending aorta are the two coronary arteries which supply the heart; they arise near the commencement of the aorta from the aortic sinuses which are opposite the aortic valve.

Clinical significance

Porcelain aorta is extensive atherosclerotic calcification of the ascending aorta.^[6] It makes aortic surgery difficult, especially aortic cross-clamping, and incisions may result in excessive aortic injury and/or arterial embolism.^[6]

Additional images

Front view of heart and lungs.
The arch of the aorta, and its branches.
Fetal ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
^ Nataf, P (2006). "Dilation of the thoracic aorta: medical and surgical management". Heart. 92 (9): 1345–1352. ISSN 1355-6037. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.074781.
^ Freeman, Laura A.; Young, Phillip M.; Foley, Thomas A.; Williamson, Eric E.; Bruce, Charles J.; Greason, Kevin L. (2013). "CT and MRI Assessment of the Aortic Root and Ascending Aorta". American Journal of Roentgenology. 200 (6): W581–W592. ISSN 0361-803X. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.9531.
^ Bret P Nelson (2015-10-01). "Thoracic Aneurysm". Medscape. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
^ Wolak, Arik; Gransar, Heidi; Thomson, Louise E.J.; Friedman, John D.; Hachamovitch, Rory; Gutstein, Ariel; Shaw, Leslee J.; Polk, Donna; Wong, Nathan D.; Saouaf, Rola; Hayes, Sean W.; Rozanski, Alan; Slomka, Piotr J.; Germano, Guido; Berman, Daniel S. (2008). "Aortic Size Assessment by Noncontrast Cardiac Computed Tomography: Normal Limits by Age, Gender, and Body Surface Area". JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 1 (2): 200–209. ISSN 1936-878X. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.11.005.
^ ^a ^b Van Mieghem, Nicolas M.; Van Der Boon, Robert M.A. (2013). "Porcelain Aorta and Severe Aortic Stenosis: Is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation the New Standard?". Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 66 (10): 765–767. ISSN 1885-5857. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2013.05.008.

External links

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 胸部大動脈および近位腹部大動脈の心エコー評価 echocardiographic evaluation of the thoracic and proximal abdominal aorta
2. Management of thoracic aortic aneurysm in adults
3. 成人における大動脈二尖弁疾患のマネージメント management of adults with bicuspid aortic valve disease
4. 胸部大動脈瘤の疫学、危険因子、病因、および自然史 epidemiology risk factors pathogenesis and natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysm
5. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Periprocedural management

English Journal

Accuracy and reproducibility of aortic annulus sizing using a dedicated three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction tool in patients evaluated for transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Stortecky S, Heg D, Gloekler S, Wenaweser P, Windecker S, Buellesfeld L.Author information Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.AbstractAims: To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of aortic annulus sizing using a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) based aortic root reconstruction tool compared with conventional imaging among patients evaluated for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods and results: Patients referred for TAVR underwent standard preprocedural assessment of aortic annulus parameters using MSCT, angiography and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of MSCT images of the aortic root was performed using 3mensio (3mensio Medical Imaging BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands), allowing for semi-automated delineation of the annular plane and assessment of annulus perimeter, area, maximum, minimum and virtual diameters derived from area and perimeter (aVD and pVD). A total of 177 patients were enrolled. We observed a good inter-observer variability of 3-D reconstruction assessments with concordance coefficients for agreement of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93) and 0.91 (0.88-0.94) for annulus perimeter and area assessments, respectively. 3-D derived pVD and aVD correlated very closely with a concordance coefficient of 0.97 (0.96-0.98) with a mean difference of 0.5±0.3 mm (pVD-aVD). 3-D derived pVD showed the best, but moderate concordance with diameters obtained from coronal MSCT (0.67, 0.56-0.75; 0.3±1.8 mm), and the lowest concordance with diameters obtained from TEE (0.42, 0.31-0.52; 1.9±1.9 mm). Conclusions: MSCT-based 3-D reconstruction of the aortic annulus using the 3mensio software enables accurate and reproducible assessment of aortic annulus dimensions.
EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.EuroIntervention.2015 Nov 25. pii: 20130610-03. [Epub ahead of print]
Aims: To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of aortic annulus sizing using a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) based aortic root reconstruction tool compared with conventional imaging among patients evaluated for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods and results: Patients
PMID 24273249

Preservation of aortic root architecture and properties using a detergent-enzymatic perfusion protocol.

Friedrich LH1, Jungebluth P1, Sjöqvist S1, Lundin V2, Haag JC1, Lemon G1, Gustafsson Y1, Ajalloueian F1, Sotnichenko A1, Kielstein H3, Burguillos MA4, Joseph B4, Teixeira AI2, Lim ML1, Macchiarini P5.Author information 1Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.2Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany.4Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.5Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: paolo.macchiarini@ki.se.AbstractAortic valve degeneration and dysfunction is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. The conventional heart-valve prostheses have significant limitations with either life-long anticoagulation therapeutic associated bleeding complications (mechanical valves) or limited durability (biological valves). Tissue engineered valve replacement recently showed encouraging results, but the unpredictable outcome of tissue degeneration is likely associated to the extensive tissue processing methods. We believe that optimized decellularization procedures may provide aortic valve/root grafts improved durability. We present an improved/innovative decellularization approach using a detergent-enzymatic perfusion method, which is both quicker and has less exposure of matrix degenerating detergents, compared to previous protocols. The obtained graft was characterized for its architecture, extracellular matrix proteins, mechanical and immunological properties. We further analyzed the engineered aortic root for biocompatibility by cell adhesion and viability in vitro and heterotopic implantation in vivo. The developed decellularization protocol was substantially reduced in processing time whilst maintaining tissue integrity. Furthermore, the decellularized aortic root remained bioactive without eliciting any adverse immunological reaction. Cell adhesion and viability demonstrated the scaffold's biocompatibility. Our optimized decellularization protocol may be useful to develop the next generation of clinical valve prosthesis with a focus on improved mechanical properties and durability.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Feb;35(6):1907-13. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.053. Epub 2013 Dec 8.
Aortic valve degeneration and dysfunction is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. The conventional heart-valve prostheses have significant limitations with either life-long anticoagulation therapeutic associated bleeding complications (mechanical valves) or limited durability (biol
PMID 24321707

Retrospective analysis of the effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker versus β-blocker on aortic root growth in paediatric patients with Marfan syndrome.

Mueller GC, Stierle L, Stark V, Steiner K, von Kodolitsch Y, Weil J, Mir TS.Author information Clinic for Paediatric Cardiology, University Heart Centre Hamburg, , Hamburg, Germany.AbstractOBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular pathology, including aortic root dilation at the level of sinus of Valsalva (SV), is one of the major causes of morbidity in paediatric patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). β-Blocker (BB) is well established to slow aortic dilation in MFS. Less is known about the effectiveness of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) on aortic dilation in paediatric patients with MFS.
Heart (British Cardiac Society).Heart.2014 Feb;100(3):214-8. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304946. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular pathology, including aortic root dilation at the level of sinus of Valsalva (SV), is one of the major causes of morbidity in paediatric patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS). β-Blocker (BB) is well established to slow aortic dilation in MFS. Less is known about the effectiv
PMID 24270746

Japanese Journal

Surgery of the Ascending Aorta with or without Combined Procedures through an Upper Ministernotomy: Outcomes of a Series of More Than 100 Patients

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 22(1), 44-48, 2016
NAID 130005126765

Turner 症候群に合併した著明な上行基部大動脈拡大の1手術例

日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌 45(1), 21-25, 2016
NAID 130005124815

巨大未破裂左冠尖バルサルバ洞動脈瘤の1例

日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌 45(1), 49-51, 2016
NAID 130005124807

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「大動脈基部」
拡張検索	「aortic root diameter」
関連記事	「root」「aortic」

「大動脈基部」

Ascending aorta
	The ascending aorta and aortic arch with their branches
	Course of the ascending aorta (anterior view), as it passes dorsally to the pulmonary trunk but ventrally to the right pulmonary artery.
Details
Precursor	Truncus arteriosus
Source	Left ventricle
Branches	Left coronary artery, right coronary artery and continues as the aortic arch
Vein	Combination of superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
Supplies	The entire body, with exception of the respiratory zone of the lung
Identifiers
Latin	Aorta ascendens,; pars ascendens aortae
Dorlands; /Elsevier	p_07/12616312
TA	A12.2.03.001
FMA	3736
	Anatomical terminology; [edit on Wikidata]