WordNet

a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems
any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
アセチルコリン(神経を刺激し筋肉運動を起こす化合物)
抗体,免疫体,抗毒素
=sense organ / 受信装置
OLD French古[代]フランス語

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1. 成人における禁煙のための薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in adults
2. ニコチンの心血管系への影響 cardiovascular effects of nicotine
3. 起立性低血圧のメカニズム、原因、および評価 mechanisms causes and evaluation of orthostatic hypotension
4. 神経筋接合部の電気診断学的評価 electrodiagnostic evaluation of the neuromuscular junction
5. 狂犬病の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of rabies

Differential α4(+)/(-)β2 Agonist Binding Site Contributions to α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function Within and Between Isoforms.

Lucero LM1, Weltzin MM1, Eaton JB1, Cooper JF2, Lindstrom JM2, Lukas RJ1, Whiteaker P3.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2015 Dec 7. pii: jbc.M115.684373. [Epub ahead of print]
Two α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2-nAChR) isoforms exist with (α4)2(β2)3 and (α4)3(β2)2 subunit stoichiometries, and high vs. low agonist sensitivities, (HS & LS), respectively. Both isoforms contain a pair of α4(+)/(-)β2 agonist binding sites. The LS isoform also contains
PMID 26644472

Regulation of α4β2α5 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex in early and late adolescence: Sex differences in response to chronic nicotine.

Hoegberg BG1, Lomazzo E2, Lee NH3, Perry DC4.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2015 Dec;99:347-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.015. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
Chronic nicotine administration in animals, and smoking in humans, causes up-regulation of α4β2* neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), which has been hypothesized to contribute to the addictive actions of nicotine. We used a rat model to test whether such up-regulatory effects differ in adolescen
PMID 26272110

Retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection induced by activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Mata D1, Linn DM2, Linn CL3.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2015 Dec;99:337-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.036. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
The α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, has previously been shown to have a neuroprotective effect against loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in an in vivo glaucoma model when the agent was injected into the vitreous chamber of adult Long Evans rat eyes. Here, we characterized the neuroprotective effe
PMID 26239818

Antibodies against the main immunogenic region of the acetylcholine receptor correlate with disease severity in myasthenia gravis

Masuda Tomoko,Motomura Masakatsu,Utsugisawa Kimiaki,Nagane Yuriko,Nakata Ruka,Tokuda Masahiro,Fukuda Taku,Yoshimura Toshiro,Tsujihata Mitsuhiro,Kawakami Atsushi
Journal of
… Objective: We developed an assay that detects autoantibodies against the main immunogenic region (MIR) located at the extracellular end of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) a subunit, and investigated its clinical relevance in myasthenia gravis (MG). …
NAID 120005082418

Basic and Clinical Aspects of Non-neuronal Acetylcholine : Expression of an Independent, Non-neuronal Cholinergic System in Lymphocytes and Its Clinical Significance in Immunotherapy

Fujii Takeshi,Takada-Takatori Yuki,Kawashima Koichiro
Journal of
… These include acetylcholine (ACh); … and both muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs, respectively). … Stimulation of lymphocytes with the T cell activator phytohemagglutinin, protein kinase C activator phorbol ester, or cell surface molecules enhances the synthesis and release of ACh and up-regulates ChAT and/or M<sub>5</sub> …
NAID 10024318048