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not in favor of (an action or proposal etc.)
a person who is opposed (to an action or policy or practice etc.); "the antis smelled victory after a long battle"
social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers (同)emmet, pismire
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion

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《話》(特定の慣習・政策・行動などに)反対する人
『アリ』
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ホルモン
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/29 12:17:06」(JST)

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Anti-Müllerian hormone also known as AMH is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the AMH gene.^[1] It inhibits the development of the Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts) in the male embryo.^[2] It has also been called Müllerian inhibiting factor (MIF), Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), and Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS). It is named after Johannes Peter Müller.

Species distribution

AMH is present in fish, reptiles, birds, marsupials, and placental mammals.^{[citation needed]}

Sources

AMH is secreted by Sertoli cells of the testes during embryogenesis of the fetal male. In females, it is secreted by the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles.

Structure

AMH is a protein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin, and a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. It is a dimeric glycoprotein. It has a molar mass of 140 kDa.^[3]

Gene

In humans, the gene for AMH is AMH, on chromosome 19p13.3,^[1] while the gene AMHR2 codes for its receptor on chromosome 12.^[4]

Function

Embryogenesis

In mammals, AMH prevents the development of the Müllerian ducts into the uterus and other Müllerian structures.^[2] The effect is ipsilateral, that is each testis suppresses Müllerian development only on its own side.^[5] In humans, this action takes place during the first 8 weeks of gestation. If no hormone is produced from the gonads, the Müllerian ducts automatically develop, while the Wolffian ducts, which are responsible for male reproductive ducts, automatically die.^[6] Amounts of AMH that are measurable in the blood vary by age and sex. AMH works by interacting with specific receptors on the surfaces of the cells of target tissues. The best-known and most specific effect, mediated through the AMH type II receptors, includes programmed cell death (apoptosis) of the target tissue (the fetal Müllerian ducts).

Ovarian

AMH is expressed by granulosa cells of the ovary during the reproductive years, and limits the formation of primary follicles by inhibiting excessive follicular recruitment by FSH.^[7]^[8] Some authorities suggest it is a measure of certain aspects of ovarian function,^[9] useful in assessing conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure.^[10] It is useful to predict a poor ovarian response in in vitro fertilization (IVF), but it does not appear to add any predictive information about success rates of an already established pregnancy after IVF.^[11]

Other

AMH production by the Sertoli cells of the testes remains high throughout childhood in males but declines to low levels during puberty and adult life. AMH has been shown to regulate production of sex hormones,^[12] and changing AMH levels (rising in females, falling in males) may be involved in the onset of puberty in both sexes. Functional AMH receptors have also been found to be expressed on neurons in the brains of embryonic mice, and are thought to play a role in sexually dimorphic brain development and consequent development of gender-specific behaviours.^[13]

Pathology

In men, inadequate embryonal AMH activity can lead to the Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS), in which a rudimentary uterus is present and testes are usually undescended. The AMH gene (AMH) or the gene for its receptor (AMH-RII) are usually abnormal. AMH measurements have also become widely used in the evaluation of testicular presence and function in infants with intersex conditions, ambiguous genitalia, and cryptorchidism.

Blood levels

In healthy females AMH is either just detectable or undetectable in cord blood at birth and demonstrates a marked rise by three months of age; while still detectable it falls until four years of age before rising linearly until eight years of age remaining fairly constant from mid-childhood to early adulthood – it does not change significantly during puberty.^[14] The rise during childhood and adolescence is likely reflective of different stages of follicle development.^[7] from 25 years of age AMH declines to undetectable levels at menopause.^[14]

The standard measurement of AMH follows the Generation II assay. This should give the same values as the previously used IBC assay, but AMH values from the previously used DSL assay should be multiplied with 1.39 to conform to current standards because it used different antibodies.^[15]

Reference ranges

Reference ranges for Anti-Müllerian hormone, as estimated from reference groups in the United states, are as follows:^[16]

Females:

Age	Unit	Value
Younger than 24 months	ng/mL	Less than 5
Younger than 24 months	pmol/l	Less than 35
24 months to 12 years	ng/mL	Less than 10
24 months to 12 years	pmol/l	Less than 70
13–45 years	ng/mL	1 to 10
13–45 years	pmol/l	7 to 70
More than 45 years	ng/mL	Less than 1
More than 45 years	pmol/l	Less than 7

Males:

Age	Unit	Value
Younger than 24 months	ng/mL	15 to 500
Younger than 24 months	pmol/l	100 to 3500
24 months to 12 years	ng/mL	7 to 240
24 months to 12 years	pmol/l	50 to 1700
More than 12 years	ng/mL	0.7 to 20
More than 12 years	pmol/l	5 to 140

AMH measurements may be less accurate if the person being measured is vitamin D deficient.^[17]

Clinical usage

According to NICE guidelines of in vitro fertilization, an anti-Müllerian hormone level of less than or equal to 5.4 pmol/l (0.8 ng/mL) predicts a low response to ovarian hyperstimulation, while a level greater than or equal to 25.0 pmol/l (3.6 ng/mL) predicts a high response.^[18] Other cut-off values found in the literature vary between 0.7 and 20 pmol/l (0.1 and 2.97 ng/ml) for low response to ovarian hyperstimulation.^[15] Subsequently, higher AMH levels are associated with greater chance of live birth after IVF, even after adjusting for age.^[19]

Application

AMH has been synthesized. Its ability to inhibit growth of tissue derived from the Müllerian ducts has raised hopes of usefulness in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions including endometriosis, adenomyosis, and uterine cancer. Research is underway in several laboratories.

Comparison of an individual's AMH level with respect to average levels^[14] is also useful in fertility assessment, as it provides a guide to ovarian reserve and identifies women that may need to consider either egg freezing or trying for a pregnancy sooner rather than later if their long-term future fertility is poor.^[20] As such, AMH may also be useful in assessing the need for fertility preservation strategies and detecting post-chemotherapy or surgical damage to the ovarian reserve.^[7]

Measuring AMH alone may be misleading as high levels occur in conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome and therefore AMH levels should be considered in conjunction with a transvaginal scan of the ovaries to assess antral follicle count^[21] and ovarian volume.^[22]

It also has the potential to rationalise the programme of ovulation induction and decisions about the number of embryos to transfer in assisted reproduction techniques to maximise pregnancy success rates whilst minimising the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)^[23]^[24] AMH can predict an excessive response in ovarian hyperstimulation with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 76%, respectively.^[25]

If there were more standardized AMH assays, it could potentially be used as a biomarker of polycystic ovary syndrome.^[26]

References

^ ^a ^b Cate RL, Mattaliano RJ, Hession C, Tizard R, Farber NM, Cheung A, Ninfa EG, Frey AZ, Gash DJ, Chow EP (June 1986). "Isolation of the bovine and human genes for Müllerian inhibiting substance and expression of the human gene in animal cells". Cell 45 (5): 685–98. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90783-X. PMID 3754790.
^ ^a ^b Behringer RR (1994). 5 The in Vivo Roles of Müllerian-inhibiting Substance. "The in vivo roles of müllerian-inhibiting substance". Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. Current Topics in Developmental Biology 29: 171–87. doi:10.1016/S0070-2153(08)60550-5. ISBN 978-0-12-153129-4. PMID 7828438.
^ [1] Hampl, R.; Šnajderová, M.; Mardešić, T. (2011). "Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve". Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 60 (2): 217–223. PMID 21114374. edit
^ Imbeaud S, Faure E, Lamarre I, Mattéi MG, di Clemente N, Tizard R, Carré-Eusèbe D, Belville C, Tragethon L, Tonkin C, Nelson J, McAuliffe M, Bidart JM, Lababidi A, Josso N, Cate RL, Picard JY (December 1995). "Insensitivity to anti-müllerian hormone due to a mutation in the human anti-müllerian hormone receptor". Nat. Genet. 11 (4): 382–8. doi:10.1038/ng1295-382. PMID 7493017.
^ Page 1114 in: Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Randy J Nelson, 3rd edition, Sinauer
^ ^a ^b ^c Dewailly, D.; Andersen, C. Y.; Balen, A.; Broekmans, F.; Dilaver, N.; Fanchin, R.; Griesinger, G.; Kelsey, T. W.; La Marca, A.; Lambalk, C.; Mason, H.; Nelson, S. M.; Visser, J. A.; Wallace, W. H.; Anderson, R. A. (2014). "The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Müllerian hormone in women". Human Reproduction Update 20 (3): 370–385. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt062. ISSN 1355-4786.
^ Weenen C, Laven J, Von Bergh A, Cranfield M, Groome N, Visser J, Kramer P, Fauser B, Themmen A (2004). "Anti-Müllerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment" (abstract). Mol Hum Reprod 10 (2): 77–83. doi:10.1093/molehr/gah015. PMID 14742691.
^ Broer SJ at al (2011). "Anti-müllerian hormone predicts menopause: a long-term follow-up study in normoovulatory women". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 (8): 2532–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2776. PMID 21613357.
^ Visser J, de Jong F, Laven J, Themmen A (2006). "Anti-Müllerian hormone: a new marker for ovarian function". Reproduction 131 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1530/rep.1.00529. PMID 16388003.
^ Broer SL, van Disseldorp J, Broeze KA, Dolleman M, Opmeer BC, Bossuyt P, Eijkemans MJ, Mol BW, Broekmans FJ (2013). "Added value of ovarian reserve testing on patient characteristics in the prediction of ovarian response and ongoing pregnancy: an individual patient data approach". Human Reproduction Update 19 (1): 26–36. doi:10.1093/humupd/dms041. PMID 23188168. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
^ Trbovich AM, Martinelle N, O'Neill FH, Pearson EJ, Donahoe PK, Sluss PM, Teixeira J (October 2004). "Steroidogenic activities in MA-10 Leydig cells are differentially altered by cAMP and Müllerian inhibiting substance". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 92 (3): 199–208. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.07.002. PMID 15555913.
^ Wang PY, Protheroe A, Clarkson AN, Imhoff F, Koishi K, McLennan IS (April 2009). "Müllerian inhibiting substance contributes to sex-linked biases in the brain and behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (17): 7203–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902253106. PMC 2678437. PMID 19359476.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kelsey TW, Wright P, Nelson SM,Anderson RA, Wallace WHB (2011). "A validated model of serum anti-Müllerian hormone from conception to menopause". In Vitzthum, Virginia J. PLoS ONE 6 (7): e22024. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022024. PMC 3137624. PMID 21789216.
^ ^a ^b La Marca, A.; Sunkara, S. K. (2013). "Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: From theory to practice". Human Reproduction Update 20: 124. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt037. edit
^ For mass values:
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Serum from Mayo Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2012.
For molar values: Derived from mass values using 140,000 g/mol, as given in:
- [2] Hampl, R.; Šnajderová, M.; Mardešić, T. (2011). "Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve". Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 60 (2): 217–223. PMID 21114374. edit
^ Dennis NA, Houghton LA, Jones GT, van Rij AM, Morgan K, McLennan IS (July 2012). "The level of serum anti-Müllerian hormone correlates with vitamin D status in men and women but not in boys". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 97 (7): 2450–5. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1213. PMID 22508713. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
^ Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. NICE clinical guideline CG156 - Issued: February 2013
^ Iliodromiti, S.; Kelsey, T. W.; Wu, O.; Anderson, R. A.; Nelson, S. M. (2014). "The predictive accuracy of anti-Mullerian hormone for live birth after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature". Human Reproduction Update 20 (4): 560–570. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu003. ISSN 1355-4786.
^ Cupisti S, Dittrich R, Mueller A, Strick R, Stiegler E, Binder H, Beckmann MW, Strissel P (December 2007). "Correlations between anti-müllerian hormone, inhibin B, and activin A in follicular fluid in IVF/ICSI patients for assessing the maturation and developmental potential of oocytes". Eur. J. Med. Res. 12 (12): 604–8. PMID 18024272.
^ Seifer DB, Maclaughlin DT (September 2007). "Müllerian Inhibiting Substance is an ovarian growth factor of emerging clinical significance". Fertil. Steril. 88 (3): 539–46. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.014. PMID 17559842.
^ Wallace WHB, Kelsey TW (2004). "Ovarian reserve and reproductive age may be determined from measurement of ovarian volume by transvaginal sonography". Human Reproduction 19 (7): 1612–7. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh285. PMID 15205396.
^ Nelson SM, Yates RW et al. (2007). "Serum anti-Müllerian hormone and FSH: prediction of live birth and extremes of response in stimulated cycles—implications for individualization of therapy". Human Reproduction 22 (9): 2414–2421. doi:10.1093/humrep/dem204. PMID 17636277.
^ Nelson SM, Yates RW et al. (2009). "Anti-Müllerian hormone-based approach to controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted conception". Human Reproduction 1 (1): 1–9.
^ Broer SL, Dólleman M, Opmeer BC, Fauser BC, Mol BW, Broekmans FJ (2011). "AMH and AFC as predictors of excessive response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: a meta-analysis". Human Reproduction Update 17 (1): 46–54. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq034. PMID 20667894. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
^ Dewailly, D.; Lujan, M. E.; Carmina, E.; Cedars, M. I.; Laven, J.; Norman, R. J.; Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (2013). "Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society". Human Reproduction Update 20 (3): 334–352. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt061. ISSN 1355-4786.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 女性の不妊評価 evaluation of female infertility
2. 静脈血栓塞栓症の患者における理論的根拠と無期限の抗凝固の適応 rationale and indications for indefinite anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism
3. 最新の診療アップデート practice changing updates
4. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
5. 甲状腺ホルモンに対する感受性の傷害 impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone

English Journal

Similar prevalence of expanded CGG repeat lengths in the fragile X mental retardation I gene among infertile women and among women with proven fertility: a prospective study.

De Geyter C, M'rabet N, De Geyter J, Zürcher S, Moffat R, Bösch N, Zhang H, Heinimann K.Source1] Department of Biomedicine, Research Group on Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland [2] Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics.Genet Med.2013 Oct 10. doi: 10.1038/gim.2013.146. [Epub ahead of print]
Purpose:We sought to determine the usefulness of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) carrier testing among young infertile women with or without signs of ovarian insufficiency as compared with fertile women.Methods:Three cohorts of women were recruited to determine the cytosine-guanine-guanine (CG
PMID 24113347

[Concentrations of anti-Muellerian-hormone in follicular fluid from antral follicles and their relation to functional characteristics of follicle development in mares].

Vernunft A, Löhrke B, Tuchscherer A, Weitzel JM, Viergutz T.SourceLeibniz-Institut für Nutztierbiologie, Forschungsbereich Fortpflanzungsbiologie, Dummerstorf.
Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift.Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr.2013 Jan-Feb;126(1-2):77-82.
Anti-Muellerian hormone (AMH) is synthesized only by granulosa cells in female mammals as an inhibiting factor for early follicular recruitment. Especially in preantral and small antral follicles, expression of AMH is very intensive. However, we hypothesize that AMH affects also the development of l
PMID 23367672

Fertility and gonadal function in female survivors after treatment of early unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD14 trial.

Behringer K, Thielen I, Mueller H, Goergen H, Eibl AD, Rosenbrock J, Halbsguth T, Eichenauer DA, Fuchs M, Reiners KS, Renno JH, van der Ven K, Kuehr M, von Wolff M, Diehl V, Engert A, Borchmann P.SourceFirst Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, and Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO.Ann Oncol.2012 Jul;23(7):1818-25. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdr575. Epub 2012 Jan 6.
BACKGROUND: In the HD14 trial, 2×BEACOPPescalated+2×ABVD (2+2) has improved the primary outcome. Compared with 4×ABVD, this benefit might be compromised by more infertility in women. Therefore, we analyzed gonadal function and fertility.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women≤45 years in ongoing remission
PMID 22228451

Japanese Journal

Anti-Muellerian hormone levels in plasma of Holstein-Friesian heifers as a predictive parameter for ovum pick-up and embryo production outcomes

VERNUNFT Andreas,SCHWERHOFF Mona,VIERGUTZ Torsten,DIEDERICH Mike,KUWER Andreas
Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2014
… The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma anti-Muellerian hormone (AMH) levels of Holstein-Friesian heifers could be used to predict ovum pick-up (OPU) and embryo production outcomes. …
NAID 130004703742

Anti-Muellerian Hormone in Assisted Reproductive Technology

浅田義正
Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 27(4), 208-215, 2010
… Existing methods of ovarian reserve assessment are inadequate, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has recently garnered attention as a marker for ovarian reserve. …
NAID 130004436795

mRNA Expression of Cytochrome P450 17.ALPHA.hydroxylase, Cytochrome P450 Aromatase, Anti-Muellerian Hormone, Estrogen Receptor .ALPHA., and Androgen Receptor in Developing Gonads of Japanese Quail

Nakamura Keigo,Shibuya Kazumoto,Saito Noboru,Shimada Kiyoshi,Ohshima Atsushi,Hirai Takuya,Nunoya Tetsuo
The Journal of Poultry Science 45(4), 298-302, 2008
… In the present study, we investigated mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 17αhydroxylase (P450c17), cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) in the embryonic and post-hatching gonads of Japanese quail by using real-time RT-PCR. …
NAID 130004446276

「抗ミュラー管ホルモン」

anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, type II
Identifiers
Symbol	AMHR2
Entrez	269
HUGO	465
OMIM	600956
RefSeq	NM_020547
UniProt	Q16671
Other data
Locus	Chr. 12 q13

anti-Müllerian hormone
Identifiers
Symbol	AMH
Entrez	268
HUGO	464
OMIM	600957
RefSeq	NM_000479
UniProt	P03971
Other data
Locus	Chr. 19 p13.3

　　[★]

英: anti-muellerian hormone antimuellerian hormone AMH
同: ミュラー管抑制因子 muellerian inhibiting factor MIF; ミュラー管退行因子 muellerian regression factor MRF; ミュラー管抑制物質 muellerian-inhibiting substance MIS; 抗Muller管ホルモン
関

[show details]

ja

抗ミュラー管ホルモン : 約 29,400 件
ミュラー管抑制因子 : 85 件
ミュラー管退行因子 : 9 件
ミュラー管抑制物質 : 64 件
anti-muellerian hormone : 約 10 件
antimiillerian hormone : 約 0 件
muellerian inhibiting factor : 約 3 件
muellerian regression factor : 約 0 件
muellerian-inhibiting substance : 約 47 件

en

anti-muellerian hormone : 約 3,060 件
antimiillerian hormone : 約 37 件
muellerian inhibiting factor : 約 91 件
muellerian regression factor : 約 13 件
muellerian-inhibiting substance : 約 30,700 件

卵巣内の卵胞の数を反映する。不妊治療の際の参考になる検査。自費

参考

http://www.shime.biz/05-01-05-10-amh.html

「ant」

　　[★]

n.

アリ

同: ants, stinging

「anti」

　　[★]

comb form.

抗、アンチ

[pmid3754790-1] Cate RL, Mattaliano RJ, Hession C, Tizard R, Farber NM, Cheung A, Ninfa EG, Frey AZ, Gash DJ, Chow EP (June 1986). "Isolation of the bovine and human genes for Müllerian inhibiting substance and expression of the human gene in animal cells". Cell 45 (5): 685–98. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90783-X. PMID 3754790.

[pmid7828438-2] Behringer RR (1994). 5 The in Vivo Roles of Müllerian-inhibiting Substance. "The in vivo roles of müllerian-inhibiting substance". Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. Current Topics in Developmental Biology 29: 171–87. doi:10.1016/S0070-2153(08)60550-5. ISBN 978-0-12-153129-4. PMID 7828438.

[3] [1] Hampl, R.; Šnajderová, M.; Mardešić, T. (2011). "Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve". Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 60 (2): 217–223. PMID 21114374. edit

[pmid7493017-4] Imbeaud S, Faure E, Lamarre I, Mattéi MG, di Clemente N, Tizard R, Carré-Eusèbe D, Belville C, Tragethon L, Tonkin C, Nelson J, McAuliffe M, Bidart JM, Lababidi A, Josso N, Cate RL, Picard JY (December 1995). "Insensitivity to anti-müllerian hormone due to a mutation in the human anti-müllerian hormone receptor". Nat. Genet. 11 (4): 382–8. doi:10.1038/ng1295-382. PMID 7493017.

[boron-5] Page 1114 in: Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.

[6] An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Randy J Nelson, 3rd edition, Sinauer

[DewaillyAndersen2014-7] Dewailly, D.; Andersen, C. Y.; Balen, A.; Broekmans, F.; Dilaver, N.; Fanchin, R.; Griesinger, G.; Kelsey, T. W.; La Marca, A.; Lambalk, C.; Mason, H.; Nelson, S. M.; Visser, J. A.; Wallace, W. H.; Anderson, R. A. (2014). "The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Müllerian hormone in women". Human Reproduction Update 20 (3): 370–385. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt062. ISSN 1355-4786.

[8] Weenen C, Laven J, Von Bergh A, Cranfield M, Groome N, Visser J, Kramer P, Fauser B, Themmen A (2004). "Anti-Müllerian hormone expression pattern in the human ovary: potential implications for initial and cyclic follicle recruitment" (abstract). Mol Hum Reprod 10 (2): 77–83. doi:10.1093/molehr/gah015. PMID 14742691.

[9] Broer SJ at al (2011). "Anti-müllerian hormone predicts menopause: a long-term follow-up study in normoovulatory women". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96 (8): 2532–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2776. PMID 21613357.

[10] Visser J, de Jong F, Laven J, Themmen A (2006). "Anti-Müllerian hormone: a new marker for ovarian function". Reproduction 131 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1530/rep.1.00529. PMID 16388003.

[Broer2013-11] Broer SL, van Disseldorp J, Broeze KA, Dolleman M, Opmeer BC, Bossuyt P, Eijkemans MJ, Mol BW, Broekmans FJ (2013). "Added value of ovarian reserve testing on patient characteristics in the prediction of ovarian response and ongoing pregnancy: an individual patient data approach". Human Reproduction Update 19 (1): 26–36. doi:10.1093/humupd/dms041. PMID 23188168. Retrieved 2013-04-23.

[pmid15555913-12] Trbovich AM, Martinelle N, O'Neill FH, Pearson EJ, Donahoe PK, Sluss PM, Teixeira J (October 2004). "Steroidogenic activities in MA-10 Leydig cells are differentially altered by cAMP and Müllerian inhibiting substance". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 92 (3): 199–208. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.07.002. PMID 15555913.

[pmid19359476-13] Wang PY, Protheroe A, Clarkson AN, Imhoff F, Koishi K, McLennan IS (April 2009). "Müllerian inhibiting substance contributes to sex-linked biases in the brain and behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (17): 7203–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902253106. PMC 2678437. PMID 19359476.

[plosone-14] Kelsey TW, Wright P, Nelson SM,Anderson RA, Wallace WHB (2011). "A validated model of serum anti-Müllerian hormone from conception to menopause". In Vitzthum, Virginia J. PLoS ONE 6 (7): e22024. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022024. PMC 3137624. PMID 21789216.

[LaMarca2013-15] La Marca, A.; Sunkara, S. K. (2013). "Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: From theory to practice". Human Reproduction Update 20: 124. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt037. edit

[16] For mass values:

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Serum from Mayo Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2012.

For molar values: Derived from mass values using 140,000 g/mol, as given in:

[2] Hampl, R.; Šnajderová, M.; Mardešić, T. (2011). "Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve". Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 60 (2): 217–223. PMID 21114374. edit

[17] Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), Serum from Mayo Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2012.

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anti-muellerian hormone