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of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
earlier in time (同)prior

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(場所などが)前の,前部の;(…より)前に位置する《+『to』+『名』》 / (時・事件などが)以前の,先の;(…より)前の《+『to』+『名』》

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1. 職業性鼻炎 occupational rhinitis
2. 鼻閉塞の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical presentation diagnosis and treatment of nasal obstruction
3. 成人における閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸の治療における口腔内装具 oral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults
4. アレルギー性鼻炎（副鼻腔炎）の病因 pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis rhinosinusitis
5. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：後膣壁脱の外科的修復 pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse

English Journal

Combined radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction and lateral outfracture of hypertrophic inferior turbinate in the treatment of chronic rhinitis: short-term and long-term outcome.

Assanasen P, Banhiran W, Tantilipikorn P, Pinkaew B.Author information Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.AbstractBACKGROUND: Radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) of hypertrophic inferior turbinate (IT) is an effective way to treat patients with intractable nasal mucosal obstruction. We evaluated the effectiveness of combined RFVTR and lateral outfracture (LO) of hypertrophic IT in chronic rhinitis (CR) patients on reduction of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and nasal pruritus both short and long term.
International forum of allergy & rhinology.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol.2014 Jan 10. doi: 10.1002/alr.21278. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) of hypertrophic inferior turbinate (IT) is an effective way to treat patients with intractable nasal mucosal obstruction. We evaluated the effectiveness of combined RFVTR and lateral outfracture (LO) of hypertrophic IT in chronic rhiniti
PMID 24415652

Patient self-assessment in discriminating the more obstructed side in nasal breathing.

Chin D1, Malek J2, Pratt E2, Marcells G3, Sacks R2, Harvey RJ2.Author information 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.2Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.3Bondi Junction Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia.AbstractBackground: Correlating patient perception of nasal obstruction sidedness to causative anatomy is important in surgical planning. The accuracy of patient-perceived asymmetry of nasal obstruction, as regards objective measures, is described. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients undergoing nasal airflow assessment. Unilateral obstruction was assessed using visual analogue scale scores and anterior rhinomanometry, without decongestion. Subjective obstruction asymmetry was defined using either the absolute score difference (right vs left) or the minimal clinically important difference, derived statistically. Correlation between subjective and objective obstruction measures was assessed. Results: In 145 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 42.8 ± 16.6 years; 54.5 per cent female), objective obstruction was right-sided in 32.4 per cent, left-sided in 36.6 per cent and symmetrical in 31.0 per cent. Subjective perception of obstruction sidedness had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.9 and 41.1 per cent, respectively, using the minimal clinically important difference. Positive predictive value was 59.4 per cent using absolute score difference and 53.7 per cent using minimal clinically important difference. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis indicated correlation between subjective and objective measures (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Subjective perception of nasal obstruction asymmetry has limited accuracy. Corroboration with objective airway assessment may be helpful in patients whose symptoms are incongruous with clinical findings.
The Journal of laryngology and otology.J Laryngol Otol.2014 Jan;128 Suppl 1:S34-9. doi: 10.1017/S0022215113001631. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Background: Correlating patient perception of nasal obstruction sidedness to causative anatomy is important in surgical planning. The accuracy of patient-perceived asymmetry of nasal obstruction, as regards objective measures, is described. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients undergoing nasal
PMID 23919979

Total nasal resistance among Sasang constitutional types: a population-based study in Korea.

Yoon DW, Lee SK, Yi H, Hong JH, Soichiro M, Lee SW, Kim JY, Shin C.AbstractBACKGROUND: There have been many attempts to find an objective phenotype by Sasang constitutional types (SCTs) on an anatomical, physiological, and psychological basis, but there has been no research on total nasal resistance (TNR) among SCTs.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine.BMC Complement Altern Med.2013 Nov 4;13(1):302. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: There have been many attempts to find an objective phenotype by Sasang constitutional types (SCTs) on an anatomical, physiological, and psychological basis, but there has been no research on total nasal resistance (TNR) among SCTs.METHODS: We assessed the value of the TNR in the SCTs cla
PMID 24180585

Japanese Journal

鼻腔通気の数値解析シミュレーション

厚見拓,飯田政弘
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(5), 375-382, 2013
… The objective methods currently available to evaluate nasal obstruction are rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry. … In both experimental and computational models without nasal turbinates, the fluid entered from the anterior aperture into the nasal cavity, after which a whirl was generated in the nasal cavity due to inspiration. …
NAID 130003374055

鼻腔通気度に関する研究 : 最近の進歩と今後の展開

内藤健晴
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 105(6), 499-508, 2012-06-01
… Rhinomanometry, usually expressed as nasal resistance, is one of the useful methods for evaluating nasal patency objectively. … In Japan, the current recommended Japanese standard involves active anterior rhinomanometry with a nasal nozzle, devices authorized by the JIS, measurement in the sitting position, 15 min. rest before measurement, and employing nasal resistance at ΔP100Pa, and has revealed the average value for nasal resistance in Japanese normal adults as 0.25 Pa/cm3/s. …
NAID 10030601129

臨床睡眠時呼吸障害に対する鼻内手術の鼻腔抵抗による評価

久松建一,工藤逸大,高根智之 [他],牧山清,平井良治
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 105(9), 851-857, 2012
… In fifty-six patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), upper airway resistace syndrome (UARS), snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness, the nasal resistance was measured preoperatively with rhinomanometry using the anterior method. … Three months later, the postoperative effect of the ER was evaluated using polisomnography with or without electroencephalography, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and rhinomanometry. …
NAID 130002141254