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WordNet
- a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
- (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
- a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
PrepTutorEJDIC
- ビールス,ろ過性病原体
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English Journal
- Analysis of two monoclonal antibodies reactive with envelope proteins of murine retroviruses: One pan specific antibody and one specific for Moloney leukemia virus.
- Evans LH1, Boi S2, Malik F3, Wehrly K3, Peterson KE3, Chesebro B3.Author information 1Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States. Electronic address: levans@niaid.nih.gov.2Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.3Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States.AbstractMany monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with various proteins of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) have been developed. In this report two additional MAbs with differing and unusual specificities are described. MAb 573 is reactive with the envelope protein of all MuLVs tested including viruses in the ecotropic, xenotropic, polytropic and amphotropic classes. Notably, MAb 573 is one of only two reported MAbs that react with the envelope protein of amphotropic MuLVs. This MAb appears to recognize a conformational epitope within the envelope protein, as it reacts strongly with live virus and live infected cells, but does not react with formalin-fixed or alcohol-fixed infected cells or denatured viral envelope protein in immunoblots. In contrast, Mab 538 reacts only with an epitope unique to the envelope protein of the Moloney (Mo-) strain of MuLV, a prototypic ecotropic MuLV that is the basis for many retroviral tools used in molecular biology. MAb 538 can react with live cells and viruses, or detergent denatured or fixed envelope protein. The derivation of these antibodies as well as their characterization with regard to their isotype, range of reactivity with different MuLVs and utility in different immunological procedures are described in this study.
- Journal of virological methods.J Virol Methods.2014 May;200:47-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
- Many monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with various proteins of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) have been developed. In this report two additional MAbs with differing and unusual specificities are described. MAb 573 is reactive with the envelope protein of all MuLVs tested including viruses in t
- PMID 24556162
- Optimization of culture conditions for maintaining porcine induced pluripotent stem cells.
- Gao Y1, Guo Y, Duan A, Cheng D, Zhang S, Wang H.Author information 1Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China .AbstractGround state porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs), which retain the potential to generate chimeric animal and germline transmission, are difficult to produce. This study investigated morphological and biological progression at the early stage of porcine somatic cell reprogramming, and explored suitable conditions to increase the induction efficiency of piPSCs. A cocktail of defined transcription factors was used to generate piPSCs. The amphotropic retrovirus, which carried human OCT4 (O), SOX2 (S), KLF4 (K), C-MYC (M), TERT (T), and GFP, were used to infect porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs). The number of clones derived from OSKM (4F) and OSKMT (4F+T) was significantly higher than that from SKM (3F) and SKMT (3F+T), suggesting that OCT4 played a critical role in regulating porcine cell reprogramming. The number of alkaline phosphatase-positive clones from a medium with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (M1 medium) was significantly higher than that with insulin and 2i PD0325901/CHIR99021 (M2 medium), indicating that insulin and 2i could not effectively maintain piPSC propagation. In the M1 medium, piPSC lines could not maintain the typical self-renewal morphology on gelatin-coated and Matrigel-coated plates. Without the mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder, piPSCs started to simultaneously differentiate. Based on the potential for self-renewal and activation of pluripotent markers, we found that the culture condition of 4F+T plus LIF and bFGF plus MEF feeder promoted PEF reprogramming more efficiently than the other conditions tested here. Two piPSC lines (IB-1 and IB-2) were derived and maintained for up to 20 passages in vitro.
- DNA and cell biology.DNA Cell Biol.2014 Jan;33(1):1-11. doi: 10.1089/dna.2013.2095. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
- Ground state porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs), which retain the potential to generate chimeric animal and germline transmission, are difficult to produce. This study investigated morphological and biological progression at the early stage of porcine somatic cell reprogramming, and exp
- PMID 24256201
- Highly efficient tumor transduction and antitumor efficacy in experimental human malignant mesothelioma using replicating gibbon ape leukemia virus.
- Kubo S1, Takagi-Kimura M1, Logg CR2, Kasahara N2.Author information 1Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.2Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.AbstractRetroviral replicating vectors (RRVs) have been shown to achieve efficient tumor transduction and enhanced therapeutic benefit in a wide variety of cancer models. Here we evaluated two different RRVs derived from amphotropic murine leukemia virus (AMLV) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), in human malignant mesothelioma cells. In vitro, both RRVs expressing the green fluorescent protein gene efficiently replicated in most mesothelioma cell lines tested, but not in normal mesothelial cells. Notably, in ACC-MESO-1 mesothelioma cells that were not permissive for AMLV-RRV, the GALV-RRV could spread efficiently in culture and in mice with subcutaneous xenografts by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Next, GALV-RRV expressing the cytosine deaminase prodrug activator gene showed efficient killing of ACC-MESO-1 cells in a prodrug 5-fluorocytosine dose-dependent manner, compared with AMLV-RRV. GALV-RRV-mediated prodrug activator gene therapy achieved significant inhibition of subcutaneous ACC-MESO-1 tumor growth in nude mice. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that ACC-MESO-1 cells express higher PiT-1 (GALV receptor) and lower PiT-2 (AMLV receptor) compared with normal mesothelial cells and other mesothelioma cells, presumably accounting for the distinctive finding that GALV-RRV replicates much more robustly than AMLV-RRV in these cells. These data indicate the potential utility of GALV-RRV-mediated prodrug activator gene therapy in the treatment of mesothelioma.
- Cancer gene therapy.Cancer Gene Ther.2013 Dec;20(12):671-7. doi: 10.1038/cgt.2013.67. Epub 2013 Nov 8.
- Retroviral replicating vectors (RRVs) have been shown to achieve efficient tumor transduction and enhanced therapeutic benefit in a wide variety of cancer models. Here we evaluated two different RRVs derived from amphotropic murine leukemia virus (AMLV) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), in human
- PMID 24201868
Japanese Journal
- Androgen-independent proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells infected by xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 447(1), 216-222, 2014-04-25
- NAID 120005438981
- Infection of XC Cells by MLVs and Ebola Virus Is Endosome-Dependent but Acidification-Independent.
- Gene transfer into marrow repopulating cells: comparison between amphotropic and gibbon ape leukemia virus pseudotyped retroviral vectors in a competitive repopulation assay in baboons
Related Links
- am·pho·tro·pic vi·rus a virus usually associated with retroviruses that may not produce disease in its natural host but does replicate in tissue culture ... Positive PA311 clones were selected on G418 in order to produce the amphotropic virus ...
- amphotropic virus am·pho·trop·ic virus (ām'fə-trŏp'ĭk, -trō'pĭk) n. An oncornavirus that does not produce disease in its natural host, but does replicate in tissue culture cells of the host species and in cells from other species.
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- 英
- amphotropic virus
- 関
- アンホトロピックウイルス、両種指向性ウイルス
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- 英
- amphotropic virus
- 関
- アンホトロピックウイルス、両栄養性ウイルス
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- 英
- amphotropic virus
- 関
- 両栄養性ウイルス、両種指向性ウイルス
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ウイルス