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street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

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酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/12 13:35:52」(JST)

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Aminocaproic acid (also known as Amicar, ε-aminocaproic acid, ε-Ahx, or 6-aminohexanoic acid) is a derivative and analogue of the amino acid lysine, which makes it an effective inhibitor for enzymes that bind that particular residue. Such enzymes include proteolytic enzymes like plasmin, the enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis. For this reason it is effective in treatment of certain bleeding disorders, and it is marketed as Amicar. Aminocaproic acid is also an intermediate in the polymerization of Nylon-6, where it is formed by ring-opening hydrolysis of caprolactam.

Clinical use

Aminocaproic acid is used to treat excessive postoperative bleeding, especially after procedures in which a great amount of bleeding is expected, such as cardiac surgery. It can be given orally or intravenously. A meta-analysis found that lysine analogs like aminocaproic acid significantly reduced blood loss in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Aminocaproic acid can also be used to treat the overdose and/or toxic effects of the thrombolytic pharmacologic agents tissue plasminogen activator (commonly known as tPA) and streptokinase.

Side effects

Its side effects include nausea, vomiting, and chronic mild fevers (37.2 to 37.8 °C). When used long-term (for approximately 6 to 12 months), there is a risk of the inflammation of one's internal organs, especially the appendix (appendicitis) and liver, as well as failure of the liver and cyanosis. It almost always causes generalized myalgia and fibromyalgia. In some cases, successive organ failure can occur after long-term usage. However, the main risk associated with aminocaproic acid is the increased risk for thrombosis because of the inhibition of fibrinolysis.

References

1. ^Alkjaersig, N et al. (1959). ε-Aminocaproic Acid: an Inhibitor of Plasminogen Activation. J. Biol. Chem. 234: 832-837.

2. ^Kang, Y et al. (1987).Epsilon-aminocaproic Acid for Treatment of Fibrinolysis during Liver Transplantation. Anesthesiology. 66(6): 766–773.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における選択的脊椎手術のための麻酔 anesthesia for elective spine surgery in adults
2. 成人への心肺バイパス術のマネージメント management of cardiopulmonary bypass in adults
3. 血栓溶解異常による血栓性および出血性疾患 thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders due to abnormal fibrinolysis
4. Preoperative evaluation and perioperative strategies to minimize blood transfusion
5. 直接作用型経口抗凝固剤を投与されている患者における出血のマネージメント management of bleeding in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants

English Journal

Predicting Thermodynamic Behaviors of Non-Protein Amino Acids as a Function of Temperature and pH.

Kitadai N1.
Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life.Orig Life Evol Biosph.2016 Mar;46(1):3-18. doi: 10.1007/s11084-015-9457-y. Epub 2015 Aug 19.
Why does life use α-amino acids exclusively as building blocks of proteins To address that fundamental question from an energetic perspective, this study estimated the standard molal thermodynamic data for three non-α-amino acids (β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and ε-aminocaproic acid) and α
PMID 26286083

The Role of Platelets and ε-Aminocaproic Acid in Arthrogryposis, Renal Dysfunction, and Cholestasis (ARC) Syndrome Associated Hemorrhage.

Weyand AC, Lombel RM, Pipe SW, Shavit JA.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2016 Mar;63(3):561-3. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25814. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome is a rare disorder associated with platelet abnormalities resembling gray platelet syndrome. Affected patients have normal platelet numbers but abnormal morphology and function. Bleeding symptomatology ranges from postprocedural to sp
PMID 26505894

Aminocaproic acid administration is associated with reduced perioperative blood loss and transfusion in pediatric craniofacial surgery.

Hsu G1, Taylor JA2, Fiadjoe JE3, Vincent AM3, Pruitt EY3, Bartlett SP2, Stricker PA3.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2016 Feb;60(2):158-65. doi: 10.1111/aas.12608. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
BACKGROUND: Severe blood loss is a common complication of craniofacial reconstruction surgery. The antifibrinolytic ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) reduces transfusion requirements in children undergoing cardiac surgery and in older children undergoing spine surgery. Tranexamic acid (TXA), another antif
PMID 26346761

Japanese Journal

Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Transfection Activities of Tartaric Acid-Based Cationic Lipids as Effective Nonviral Gene Delivery Vectors

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(7), 1112-1120, 2016
NAID 130005160778

Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Transfection Activities of Tartaric Acid-Based Cationic Lipids as Eﬀective Nonviral Gene Delivery Vectors

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005149280

症例報告ユニットドーズタイプ精製ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム点眼液によるアレルギー性接触皮膚炎の1例

日本眼科学会雑誌 118(2), 111-115, 2014-02
NAID 40019975610

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拡張検索	「epsilon-aminocaproic acid」「6-aminocaproic acid」

「epsilon-aminocaproic acid」

Aminocaproic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	6-aminohexanoic acid
Clinical data
Trade names	Amicar
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a608023
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Renal
Half-life	2 hours
Identifiers
CAS number	60-32-2
ATC code	B02AA01
PubChem	CID 564
DrugBank	DB00513
ChemSpider	548
UNII	U6F3787206
KEGG	D00160
ChEBI	CHEBI:16586
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1046
NIAID ChemDB	018631
Chemical data
Formula	C6H13NO2
Mol. mass	131.173 g/mol
	SMILES O=C(O)C(N)CCCC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c7-5-3-1-2-4-6(8)9/h1-5,7H2,(H,8,9) ; Key:SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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