WordNet

relating to or resembling lymphatic glands or lymphoid tissue
of or pertaining to the adenoids
sounding as if the nose were pinched; "a whining nasal voice" (同)pinched, nasal
surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy

PrepTutorEJDIC

アデノイド(腺(せん)様増殖症)の / (声が)鼻にかかった
《複数形》アデノイド,腺(せん)様増殖症(扁桃腺の病気)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/06 12:19:27」(JST)

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The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil, is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat. Normally, in children, it forms a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the uvula.

Histology

The adenoid, unlike other types of tonsils, has pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium.^[1] It also differs from the other tonsil types by lacking crypts. The adenoid is often removed along with the tonsils.

Pathology

An enlarged adenoid, or adenoid hypertrophy, can become nearly the size of a ping pong ball and completely block airflow through the nasal passages. Even if the enlarged adenoid is not substantial enough to physically block the back of the nose, it can obstruct airflow enough so that breathing through the nose requires an uncomfortable amount of work, and inhalation occurs instead through an open mouth. The enlarged adenoid can also obstruct the nasal airway enough to affect the voice without actually stopping nasal airflow altogether.

Adenoid faces

Enlargement of the adenoid, especially in children, causes an atypical appearance of the face, often referred to as adenoid face.^{[citation needed]} Features of adenoid faces include mouth breathing, an elongated face, prominent incisors, hypoplastic maxilla, short upper lip, elevated nostrils, and a high arched palate. George Catlin, in his humorous and instructive book Breath of Life,^[2] published in 1861, illustrates adenoid faces in many engravings and advocates nose-breathing.^[3]

Removal

Surgical removal of the adenoid is a procedure called adenoidectomy. Adenoid infection may cause symptoms such as excessive mucus production, which can be treated by its removal. Studies have shown that adenoid regrowth occurs in as many as 20% of the cases after removal. Carried out through the mouth under a general anaesthetic (or less commonly a topical), adenoidectomy involves the adenoid being curetted, cauterised, lasered, or otherwise ablated.

References

^ Histology at KUMC lymphoid-lymph06
^ George Catlin, The breath of life or mal-respiration and its effects upon the enjoyments & life of man, 1864
^ Wylie, A, (1927). "Rhinology and laryngology in literature and Folk-Lore". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 42 (2): 81–87. doi:10.1017/S0022215100029959.

External links

Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
Adenoids: What They Are, How To Recognize Them, What To Do For Them
Histology at usuhs.mil
Histology at udel.edu
/drtbalu otolaryngology online

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における扁桃摘出およびアデノイド切除：適応および禁忌 tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children indications and contraindications
2. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
3. 小児におけるアデノイド切除：術後ケアおよび合併症 adenoidectomy in children postoperative care and complications
4. 小児における睡眠が関係する呼吸障害の機序および素因 mechanisms and predisposing factors for sleep related breathing disorders in children
5. CPAP for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

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