WordNet

a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/17 11:03:55」(JST)

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The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals. It is a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi apparatus. Acrosome formation is completed during testicular maturation. In Eutherian mammals the acrosome contains digestive enzymes (including hyaluronidase and acrosin).^[1] These enzymes break down the outer membrane of the ovum, called the zona pellucida, allowing the haploid nucleus in the sperm cell to join with the haploid nucleus in the ovum.

This shedding of the acrosome, or acrosome reaction, can be stimulated in vitro by substances a sperm cell may encounter naturally such as progesterone or follicular fluid, as well as the more commonly used calcium ionophore A23187. This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing the acrosome reaction of a sperm sample by flow cytometry^[2] or fluorescence microscopy. This is usually done after staining with a fluoresceinated lectin such as FITC-PNA, FITC-PSA, FITC-ConA, or fluoresceinated antibody such as FITC-CD46.^[3]

Human spermatozoön

In the case of globozoospermia (sperm with round heads), the Golgi apparatus is not transformed into the acrosome, causing male infertility.^[4]

References

^ "acrosome definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
^ Miyazaki R, Fukuda M, Takeuchi H, Itoh S, Takada M (1990). "Flow cytometry to evaluate acrosome-reacted sperm". Arch. Androl. 25 (3): 243–51. doi:10.3109/01485019008987613. PMID 2285347.
^ Carver-Ward JA, Moran-Verbeek IM, Hollanders JM (February 1997). "Comparative flow cytometric analysis of the human sperm acrosome reaction using CD46 antibody and lectins". J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 14 (2): 111–9. doi:10.1007/bf02765780. PMC 3454831. PMID 9048242.
^ Hermann Behre; Eberhard Nieschlag (2000). Andrology : Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Berlin: Springer. p. 155. ISBN 3-540-67224-9.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 男性不妊症の評価 evaluation of male infertility
2. 卵細胞質内精子注入法 intracytoplasmic sperm injection

English Journal

Effect of heterologous and homologous seminal plasma on stallion sperm quality.

Morrell JM1, Georgakas A2, Lundeheim N3, Nash D4, Davies Morel MC4, Johannisson A5.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2014 Jul 1;82(1):176-83. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.020. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
Removing most of the seminal plasma (SP) from stallion semen has been shown to improve survival during cooled storage, yet adding small quantities of SP may improve pregnancy rates or cryosurvival. Furthermore, there is considerable controversy about whether the stallion's own SP or heterologous SP
PMID 24768057

Expression of α-gustducin and α-transducin, G proteins coupled with taste receptors, in boar sperm.

Spinaci M1, Bucci D2, Mazzoni M2, Giaretta E2, Bernardini C2, Vallorani C2, Tamanini C2, Clavenzani P2, Galeati G2.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2014 Jul 1;82(1):144-151.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.016. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
During the transit in the female genital tract, spermatozoa are exposed to an environment that varies in composition from the vagina to the oviduct. Because G proteins, α-gustducin and α-transducin, are accepted as markers of chemosensitive cells, this study was aimed at assessing whether these pr
PMID 24751294

Investigation of in vitro parameters and in vivo fertility of rabbit spermatozoa after chilled storage.

Johinke D1, de Graaf SP2, Bathgate R2.
Animal reproduction science.Anim Reprod Sci.2014 Jun 30;147(3-4):135-43. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.04.014. Epub 2014 May 5.
Artificial insemination (AI) programmes in the rabbit meat industry require improved longevity of spermatozoa stored in vitro. Two studies evaluated the effects of storage temperature and extender on in vitro quality and fertility of rabbit spermatozoa over 96h of chilled storage. In Experiment 1, t
PMID 24852269

Japanese Journal

Organization of Membrane Rafts in Chicken Sperm

The Journal of Poultry Science advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005128558

Sperm-Egg Interaction during Fertilization in Birds

The Journal of Poultry Science advpub(0), 2016
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Lipopolysaccharide Compromises Human Sperm Function by Reducing Intracellular cAMP

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 238(2), 105-112, 2016
NAID 130005120468

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