WordNet

an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
(of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees

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1. 幼児および小児における視覚の発達および視力評価 visual development and vision assessment in infants and children
2. 反射性失神 reflex syncope
3. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults
4. 成人における亜急性および慢性咳嗽の評価 evaluation of subacute and chronic cough in adults
5. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults

Honda M, Yoshimura N, Inoue S, Hikita K, Muraoka K, Saito M, Chancellor MB, Takenaka A.SourceDepartment of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
Urology.Urology.2013 Nov;82(5):1188.e9-1188.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.056. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intrathecal galanin on the micturition reflex in rats.METHODS: Continuous cystometrograms (0.04 mL/min infusion rate) were performed in female Sprague-Dawley rats (225-248 g) under urethane anesthesia. After stable micturition cycles were established, galanin
PMID 24035037

Supraspinal and spinal effects of L-trans-PDC, an inhibitor of glutamate transporter, on the micturition reflex in rats.

Honda M, Yoshimura N, Hikita K, Hinata N, Muraoka K, Saito M, Chancellor MB, Takenaka A.SourceDepartment of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
Neurourology and urodynamics.Neurourol Urodyn.2013 Sep;32(7):1026-30. doi: 10.1002/nau.22351. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
AIMS: Glutamate is a major excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system, controlling lower urinary tract function. Five types of glutamate transporters such as GLAST (EAAT1), GLT-1 (EAAT2), EAAC-1 (EAAT3), EAAT4, and EAAT5 have been cloned so far. In the current study we tested whether L-tra
PMID 23168675

Inhibitory role of the spinal cholinergic system in the control of urethral continence reflex during sneezing in rats.

Yoshikawa S, Kitta T, Miyazato M, Sumino Y, Yoshimura N.SourceDepartment of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Neurourology and urodynamics.Neurourol Urodyn.2013 Jun 11. doi: 10.1002/nau.22431. [Epub ahead of print]
AIMS: The urethral continence reflex during stress conditions such as sneezing or coughing is an important mechanism preventing stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Although the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways are known to modulate this reflex activity, the role of spinal cholinergic pa
PMID 23754327