ヤマカガシ
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| Rhabdophis tigrinus |
|
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Subphylum: |
Vertebrata |
| Class: |
Reptilia |
| Order: |
Squamata |
| Suborder: |
Serpentes |
| Family: |
Colubridae |
| Subfamily: |
Natricinae |
| Genus: |
Rhabdophis |
| Species: |
R. tigrinus |
| Binomial name |
Rhabdophis tigrinus
(F. Boie, 1826) |
|
| Range of R. tigrinus |
| Synonyms |
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - F. Boie, 1826
- Amphiesma tigrinum - Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Tropidonotus lateralis - Berthold, 1859
- Amphiesma tigrinum - Hallowell, 1860
- Tropidonotus orientalis - Günther, 1862
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - Günther, 1888
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - Boulenger, 1893
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - Boulenger, 1896
- Natrix tigrina - Stejneger, 1907
- Natrix tigrina lateralis - Stejneger, 1907
- Natrix tigrina lateralis - Glass, 1946
- Natrix tigrina - Alexander & Diener, 1958
- Rhabdophis tigrina - Malnate, 1960
- Rhabdophis tigrina lateralis - Zhao & Jiang, 1986
- Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus - Maki, 1931
- Natrix tigrina formosana - Maki, 1931
- Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus - Ota & Mori, 1985[1]
|
- Common names: tiger keelback.,[1] yamakagashi (Japan), Floral snake (Korea)
Rhabdophis tigrinus is a venomous colubrid snake found in East and Southeast Asia. Many sources, though not ITIS,[2] recognize one subspecies, Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus of Taiwan.[1][3]
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Geographic range
- 3 Feeding & Defense
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Description
The dorsal color pattern is olive-drab green with black and bright orange crossbars or spots from the neck down the first third of the body. The belly is whitish. The average length is usually 60–100 cm (24-39 inches).[4]
Geographic range
Found in eastern Russia (Primorskiy and Khabarovsk), North and South Korea, China (widespread, except in the western third and the extreme south; Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia), on the island of Taiwan, in Vietnam and in Japan (Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kyūshū, Shikoku, Honshu and in the Ryukyu Islands). The type locality given is "Japan".[1]
Feeding & Defense
The diet consists mainly of small vertebrates, especially frogs and toads. These snakes forage using both chemical (smell/tongue) and visual cues to find their prey.[5]
When these snakes are challenged at cooler temperatures they tend to demonstrate passive anti-predator responses such as flattening their neck and body and lying still while at higher temperatures they more frequently flee instead. This species has two nuchal glands in their neck that sequester steroid irritants obtained from eating toads as a predation defence. This snake thus appears to rely more heavily on the deterrence provided by these glands at low ambient temperatures.[6][7] Although venomous, few deaths have been recorded due to its tendency to display one of these other behaviors as opposed to striking. This hesitancy to strike at a predator in turn may be because its fangs are located in the back of the mouth making a successful strike on a large object difficult.[8]
References
- ^ a b c d Rhabdophis tigrinus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- ^ "Rhabdophis tigrinus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
- ^ Hans Breuer & William Christopher Murphy (2009–2010). "Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus". Snakes of Taiwan. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis at Animal Pictures Archive. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- ^ Tanaka K. (2002). "Foraging behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in a gutter with a dense aggregation of tadpoles". Current Herpetology 21 (1): 1–8. doi:10.5358/hsj.21.1.
- ^ Mori, A.; Burghardt, G. M. (2001). "Temperature effects on anti-predator behaviour in Rhabdophis tigrinus, a snake with toxic nuchal glands". Ethology 107 (9): 795–811. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00706.x. edit
- ^ Hutchinson, D. A.; Mori, A.; Savitzky, A. H.; Burghardt, G. M.; Wu, X.; Meinwald, J.; Schroeder, F. C. (2007). "Dietary sequestration of defensive steroids in nuchal glands of the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (7): 2265–2270. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610785104. edit
- ^ Sawai, Y.; Honma, M.; Kawamura, Y.; Saki, A.; Hatsuse, M. (2002). "Rhabdophis tigrinus in Japan: Pathogenesis of envenomation and production of antivenom". Toxin Reviews 21: 181–201. doi:10.1081/TXR-120004746. edit
Further reading
- Tanaka K. 2002. Foraging behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in a gutter with a dense aggregation of tadpoles. Curr. Herpetol. 21(1): 1-8.
External links
- Yamakagashi at the Encyclopedia of Japanese Reptiles. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- "Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus". Snakes of Taiwan.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhabdophis tigrinus. |
English Journal
- Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment.
- Hifumi T1, Sakai A2, Kondo Y3, Yamamoto A4, Morine N5, Ato M6, Shibayama K4, Umezawa K7, Kiriu N8, Kato H8, Koido Y8, Inoue J9, Kawakita K1, Kuroda Y1.
- Journal of intensive care.J Intensive Care.2015 Apr 1;3(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40560-015-0081-8. eCollection 2015.
- Snake bites are life-threatening injuries that can require intensive care. The diagnosis and treatment of venomous snake bites is sometimes difficult for clinicians because sufficient information has not been provided in clinical practice. Here we review the literature to present the proper manageme
- PMID 25866646
- Toxin ophthalmia caused by nuchal gland secretion of the Taiwan tiger keelback (Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus).
- Chen YC1, Yen DH2, Chen YW3, Huang MS4, Huang CI5, Chen MH6.
- Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi.J Formos Med Assoc.2014 Oct;113(10):750-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.08.030. Epub 2012 May 3.
- Rhabdophis tigrinus is a common colubrid snake that can be found in an extensive geographical region in East Asia. It consists of two subspecies: R.t. tigrinus (yamakagashi) and R.t. formosanus (Taiwan tiger keelback). R. tigrinus possesses two different sets of poisonous glands: the Duvernoy's glan
- PMID 25240304
- Effect of antivenom therapy of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Yamakagashi snake) bites.
- Hifumi T1, Sakai A2, Yamamoto A3, Murakawa M4, Ato M5, Shibayama K3, Kato H6, Koido Y6, Inoue J7, Abe Y1, Kawakita K1, Hagiike M1, Ginnaga A8, Kuroda Y1.
- Journal of intensive care.J Intensive Care.2014 Jul 31;2(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s40560-014-0044-5. eCollection 2014.
- BACKGROUND: Rhabdophis tigrinus (Yamakagashi snake) is a rear-fanged colubrid snake present throughout Russia and Asia. Its venom induces life-threatening hemorrhagic symptoms and severe disseminated intravascular coagulation with a fibrinolytic phenotype. R. tigrinus antivenom manufactured by the i
- PMID 25520846
Japanese Journal
- 堺 淳
- The Japanese journal of clinical toxicology 26(3), 193-199, 2013
- NAID 40019806572
- Experimental manufacture of equine antivenom againt Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus)
- Morokuma Kazunori,Kobori Norihiro,Fukuda Tadashi [他]
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 64(5), 397-402, 2011-09
- NAID 40019008830
Related Links
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- ヤマカガシ やまかがし 山楝蛇 Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus (Tiger keelback) 神奈川県産 撮影：ばいかだ 棲息地 本州・四国・九州・佐渡島・隠岐・壱岐・五島列島・甑島列島・屋久島・種子島 特徴 全長70～150cm、褐色の地肌に黒い斑紋と赤と ...
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