ヤマカガシ
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/25 14:29:07」(JST)
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| Rhabdophis tigrinus |
|
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Subphylum: |
Vertebrata |
| Class: |
Reptilia |
| Order: |
Squamata |
| Suborder: |
Serpentes |
| Family: |
Colubridae |
| Subfamily: |
Natricinae |
| Genus: |
Rhabdophis |
| Species: |
R. tigrinus |
| Binomial name |
Rhabdophis tigrinus
(F. Boie, 1826) |
|
| Range of R. tigrinus |
| Synonyms |
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - F. Boie, 1826
- Amphiesma tigrinum - Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
- Tropidonotus lateralis - Berthold, 1859
- Amphiesma tigrinum - Hallowell, 1860
- Tropidonotus orientalis - Günther, 1862
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - Günther, 1888
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - Boulenger, 1893
- Tropidonotus tigrinus - Boulenger, 1896
- Natrix tigrina - Stejneger, 1907
- Natrix tigrina lateralis - Stejneger, 1907
- Natrix tigrina lateralis - Glass, 1946
- Natrix tigrina - Alexander & Diener, 1958
- Rhabdophis tigrina - Malnate, 1960
- Rhabdophis tigrina lateralis - Zhao & Jiang, 1986
- Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus - Maki, 1931
- Natrix tigrina formosana - Maki, 1931
- Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus - Ota & Mori, 1985[1]
|
- Common names: tiger keelback.,[1] yamakagashi (Japan), Floral snake (Korea)
Rhabdophis tigrinus is a venomous colubrid snake found in East and Southeast Asia. Many sources, though not ITIS,[2] recognize one subspecies, Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus of Taiwan.[1][3]
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Geographic range
- 3 Feeding & Defense
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Description
The dorsal color pattern is olive-drab green with black and bright orange crossbars or spots from the neck down the first third of the body. The belly is whitish. The average length is usually 60–100 cm (24-39 inches).[4]
Geographic range
Found in eastern Russia (Primorskiy and Khabarovsk), North and South Korea, China (widespread, except in the western third and the extreme south; Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia), on the island of Taiwan, in Vietnam and in Japan (Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kyūshū, Shikoku, Honshu and in the Ryukyu Islands). The type locality given is "Japan".[1]
Feeding & Defense
The diet consists mainly of small vertebrates, especially frogs and toads. These snakes forage using both chemical (smell/tongue) and visual cues to find their prey.[5]
When these snakes are challenged at cooler temperatures they tend to demonstrate passive anti-predator responses such as flattening their neck and body and lying still while at higher temperatures they more frequently flee instead. This species has two nuchal glands in their neck that sequester steroid irritants obtained from eating toads as a predation defence. This snake thus appears to rely more heavily on the deterrence provided by these glands at low ambient temperatures.[6][7] Although venomous, few deaths have been recorded due to its tendency to display one of these other behaviors as opposed to striking. This hesitancy to strike at a predator in turn may be because its fangs are located in the back of the mouth making a successful strike on a large object difficult.[8]
References
- ^ a b c d Rhabdophis tigrinus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- ^ "Rhabdophis tigrinus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
- ^ Hans Breuer & William Christopher Murphy (2009–2010). "Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus". Snakes of Taiwan. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis at Animal Pictures Archive. Accessed 21 September 2008.
- ^ Tanaka K. (2002). "Foraging behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in a gutter with a dense aggregation of tadpoles". Current Herpetology 21 (1): 1–8. doi:10.5358/hsj.21.1.
- ^ Mori, A.; Burghardt, G. M. (2001). "Temperature effects on anti-predator behaviour in Rhabdophis tigrinus, a snake with toxic nuchal glands". Ethology 107 (9): 795–811. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00706.x.
- ^ Hutchinson, D. A.; Mori, A.; Savitzky, A. H.; Burghardt, G. M.; Wu, X.; Meinwald, J.; Schroeder, F. C. (2007). "Dietary sequestration of defensive steroids in nuchal glands of the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (7): 2265–2270. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610785104. PMC 1892995. PMID 17284596.
- ^ Sawai, Y.; Honma, M.; Kawamura, Y.; Saki, A.; Hatsuse, M. (2002). "Rhabdophis tigrinus in Japan: Pathogenesis of envenomation and production of antivenom". Toxin Reviews 21: 181–201. doi:10.1081/TXR-120004746.
Further reading
- Tanaka K. 2002. Foraging behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in a gutter with a dense aggregation of tadpoles. Curr. Herpetol. 21(1): 1-8.
External links
- Yamakagashi at the Encyclopedia of Japanese Reptiles. Accessed 21 September 2008.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhabdophis tigrinus. |
English Journal
- Detection of SFTS Virus in Ixodes nipponensis and Amblyomma testudinarium (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Collected From Reptiles in the Republic of Korea.
- Suh JH1, Kim HC2, Yun SM3, Lim JW1, Kim JH1, Chong ST2, Kim DH4, Kim HT5, Kim H6, Klein TA7, Johnson JL2, Lee WJ8.
- Journal of medical entomology.J Med Entomol.2016 Mar 8. pii: tjw007. [Epub ahead of print]
- A survey of reptile-associated ticks and their infection status with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution among lizards, skinks, and snakes in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In total, 132 reptiles, including 49 liza
- PMID 26957392
- Active foraging for toxic prey during gestation in a snake with maternal provisioning of sequestered chemical defences.
- Kojima Y1, Mori A2.
- Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society.Proc Biol Sci.2015 Jan 7;282(1798):20142137. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2137.
- Many animals sequester dietary defensive compounds and incorporate them into the offspring, which protects the young against predation. One possible but poorly investigated question is whether females of such species actively prey upon toxic diets. The snake Rhabdophis tigrinus sequesters defensive
- PMID 25392472
- Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment.
- Hifumi T1, Sakai A2, Kondo Y3, Yamamoto A4, Morine N5, Ato M6, Shibayama K4, Umezawa K7, Kiriu N8, Kato H8, Koido Y8, Inoue J9, Kawakita K1, Kuroda Y1.
- Journal of intensive care.J Intensive Care.2015 Apr 1;3(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40560-015-0081-8. eCollection 2015.
- Snake bites are life-threatening injuries that can require intensive care. The diagnosis and treatment of venomous snake bites is sometimes difficult for clinicians because sufficient information has not been provided in clinical practice. Here we review the literature to present the proper manageme
- PMID 25866646
Japanese Journal
- Home Range and Movements of Rhabdophis tigrinus in a Mountain Habitat of Kyoto, Japan
- 近畿大学奈良キャンパスにおける両生類・爬虫類の生息状況(2)
- Antipredator Displays and Prey Chemical Preference of an Asian Natricine Snake, Macropisthodon rudis (Squamata: Colubridae)
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- Rhabdophis tigrinus
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- 毒蛇咬傷、ヤマカガシ咬症