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the 25th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)y, wye

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yttriumの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/10 12:39:45」(JST)

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Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation peak is 514 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm. Like the parent GFP, YFP is a useful tool in cell and molecular biology thanks to its properties useful for fluorescence microscopy.

Three improved versions of YFP are Citrine, Venus, and Ypet. They have reduced chloride sensitivity, faster maturation, and increased brightness (defined as the product of the extinction coefficient and quantum yield). Typically, YFP serves as the acceptor for genetically-encoded FRET sensors of which the most likely donor FP is monomeric cyan fluorescent protein (mCFP). The red-shift relative to GFP is caused by a Pi-Pi stacking interaction as a result of the T203Y substitution introduced by mutation, which essentially increases the polarizability of the local chromophore environment as well as providing additional electron density into the chromophore.

"Venus" contains a novel amino acid substitution –F46L– which accelerates the oxidation of the chromophore at 37°C, the rate limiting step of maturation. The protein has other substitutions (F64L/ M153T/ V163A/ S175G), permitting Venus to fold well and giving it relative tolerance to acidosis and Cl⁻.^[1]

References

^ Uemura, T.; Kim, H.; Saito, C.; Ebine, K.; Ueda, T.; Schulze-Lefert, P.; Nakano, A. (2012). "Qa-SNAREs localized to the trans-Golgi network regulate multiple transport pathways and extracellular disease resistance in plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (5): 1784–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115146109. PMC 3277133. PMID 22307646.

External links

Introduction to fluorescent proteins
Tsien, Roger Y.; Llopis, Atsushi; Heim, Juan; McCaffery, Roger; Adams, J. Michael; Ikura, Joseph A.; Tsien, Mitsuhiko (1997). "Fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin". Nature 388 (6645): 882–7. doi:10.1038/42264. PMID 9278050.

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English Journal

Developmental alterations of the C. elegans male anal depressor morphology and function require sex-specific cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous interactions.

Chen X1, René García L2.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2015 Feb 1;398(1):24-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.11.004. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
We studied the Caenorhabditis elegans anal depressor development in larval males and hermaphrodites to address how a differentiated cell sex-specifically changes its morphology prior to adulthood. In both sexes, the larval anal depressor muscle is used for defecation behavior. However in the adult m
PMID 25498482

Simulation of the rate of transfer of antibiotic resistance between Escherichia coli strains cultured under well controlled environmental conditions.

Smelt JP1, Hoefsloot HC2, de Koster CG3, Schuurmans JM4, Ter Kuile BH5, Brul S4.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2015 Feb;45(Pt B):189-94. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.03.019. Epub 2014 Apr 18.
It was demonstrated that the tetracycline resistance plasmid in Escherichia coli resembling K-12 23:06 containing the E. coli plasmid DM0133 could be transferred to tetracycline sensitive E. coli K-12 MG1655 YFP. The sensitive recipient strain has a slight metabolic advantage in continuous fermenta
PMID 25500384

Potassium transporter TRH1 subunits assemble regulating root-hair elongation autonomously from the cell fate determination pathway.

Daras G1, Rigas S2, Tsitsekian D3, Iacovides TA4, Hatzopoulos P5.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology.Plant Sci.2015 Feb;231:131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.017. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Trichoblasts of trh1 plants form root-hair initiation sites that fail to undergo tip growth resulting in a tiny root-hair phenotype. TRH1 belongs to Arabidopsis KT/KUP/HAK potassium transporter family controlling root-hair growth and gravitropism. Double mutant combinations between trh1 and root-hai
PMID 25575998

Japanese Journal

A simple head-mountable LED device for chronic stimulation of optogenetic molecules in freely moving mice

岩井陽一,尾関宏文,橋本光広,平瀬肇
Neuroscience Research 70(1), 124-127, 2011-5
… Using the Thy1-ChR2-YFP transgenic mice, we demonstrate that the device is capable of remotely triggering muscle twitches upon activation of the primary motor cortex in freely moving conditions. …
NAID 120003204388

A Novel FRET-Based Biosensor for the Measurement of BCR-ABL Activity and Its Response to Drugs in Living Cells

Mizutani Tatsuaki,Kondo Takeshi,Darmanin Stephanie,Tsuda Masumi,Tanaka Shinya,Tobiume Minoru,Asaka Masahiro,Ohba Yusuke
Clinical Cancer Research 16(15), 3964-3975, 2010-08-01
… Experimental Design: To develop FRET-based biosensors, we utilized CrkL, the most characteristic substrate of BCR-ABL, and designed a protein in which CrkL is sandwiched between Venus, a variant of YFP, and ECFP, so that CrkL intra-molecular binding of the SH2 domain to phosphorylated tyrosine (Y207) increases FRET efficiency. …
NAID 120003207587