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The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) is used to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. The UPD rating scale is the most commonly used scale in the clinical study of Parkinson's disease.^[1]

The UPDRS is made up of these sections:^[2]

Part I: evaluation of mentation, behavior, and mood
Part II: self-evaluation of the activities of daily life (ADLs) including speech, swallowing, handwriting, dressing, hygiene, falling, salivating, turning in bed, walking, and cutting food
Part III': clinician-scored monitored motor evaluation
Part IV: Hoehn and Yahr staging of severity of Parkinson's disease
Part V: Schwab and England ADL scale

These are evaluated by interview and clinical observation. Some sections require multiple grades assigned to each extremity.

Clinicians and researchers alike use the UPDRS and the motor section in particular to follow the progression of a person's Parkinson's disease. Scientific researchers use it to measure benefits from a given therapy in a more unified and accepted rating system. Neurologists also use it in clinical practice to follow the progression of their patients' symptoms in a more objective manner.^[3]

Following the UPDRS scores over time provides insight into the patient's disease progression. For instance Michael J. Fox's symptoms started with a slight tremor, so his motor score would have been less than 10. For most patients, the "mentation, behavior and mood" scores increase later in the disease, but a subset exists for whom those symptoms develop early on.^[4]

Similar rating scales

Other rating scales for Parkinson's disease are the Hoehn and Yahr scale and Schwab and England activities of daily living scale, although both of these measures are currently included within the UPDRS in modified format.

MDS-UPDRS

In 2007, the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) published a revision of the UPDRS, known as the MDS-UPDRS.^[5] The revision became desirable after an MDS-sponsored Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson’s Disease highlighted the limitations of the original UPDRS.^[6] Two major limitations include the lack of consistent anchor among subscales and the low emphasis on the nonmotor features of PD.^[5] The modified UPDRS retains the four-scale structure with a reorganization of the various subscales. The scales are now titled; (1) nonmotor experiences of daily living (13 items), (2) motor experiences of daily living (13 items), (3) motor examination (18 items), and (4) motor complications (six items). Each subscale now has 0-4 ratings, where 0 = normal, 1 = slight, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = severe.^[7]

References

^ Ramaker, Claudia; Marinus, Johan, Stiggelbout, Anne Margarethe, van Hilten, Bob Johannes (1 September 2002). "Systematic evaluation of rating scales for impairment and disability in Parkinson's disease". Movement Disorders 17 (5): 867–876. doi:10.1002/mds.10248. PMID 12360535. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Comprehensive pharmacy review, Leon Shargel, 6th edition, p. 998.
^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Parkinson's Disease Foundation. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
^ Rosenbaum, Richard B. (2006). Understanding Parkinson's Disease: A Personal and Professional View. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-99166-1.
^ ^a ^b Goetz, Christopher G.; Fahn, Stanley, Martinez-Martin, Pablo, Poewe, Werner, Sampaio, Cristina, Stebbins, Glenn T., Stern, Matthew B., Tilley, Barbara C., Dodel, Richard, Dubois, Bruno, Holloway, Robert, Jankovic, Joseph, Kulisevsky, Jaime, Lang, Anthony E., Lees, Andrew, Leurgans, Sue, LeWitt, Peter A., Nyenhuis, David, Olanow, C. Warren, Rascol, Olivier, Schrag, Anette, Teresi, Jeanne A., Van Hilten, Jacobus J., LaPelle, Nancy (1 January 2007). "Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Process, format, and clinimetric testing plan". Movement Disorders 22 (1): 41–47. doi:10.1002/mds.21198. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's, Disease (July 2003). "The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): status and recommendations.". Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 18 (7): 738–50. doi:10.1002/mds.10473. PMID 12815652.
^ "Parkinson's Disease Diagnostic Criteria". BMJ. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

External links

Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale on National Parkinson Foundation site
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale on Movement Disorders Virtual University site
UPDRS online calculator

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English Journal

Subclinical signs in LRRK2 mutation carriers.

Johansen KK, White LR, Farrer MJ, Aasly JO.SourceDepartment of Neurology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Parkinsonism & related disorders.Parkinsonism Relat Disord.2011 Aug;17(7):528-32. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
BACKGROUND: Several non-motor features have been reported to precede the motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) by several years. However, the time of onset of non-motor and motor symptoms is still debated. Healthy individuals carrying a PD-related mutation are candidates for studying the earliest
PMID 21641848

A single-blind cross over study investigating the efficacy of standard and controlled release levodopa in combination with entacapone in the treatment of end-of-dose effect in people with Parkinson's disease.

Iansek R, Danoudis M.SourceVictorian Comprehensive Parkinson's Program, Elsternwick Private Hospital, Elsternwick 3185, Australia; Kingston Centre, Warrigal Road, Cheltenham 3192, Australia; Clinical Research Centre for Movement Disorders and Gait, Southern Health, Kingston Centre, Cheltenham 3192, Australia.
Parkinsonism & related disorders.Parkinsonism Relat Disord.2011 Aug;17(7):533-6. Epub 2011 May 14.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of standard levodopa combined with controlled release levodopa and entacapone in controlling end-of-dose symptoms in Parkinson's disease.METHODS: A single-blind cross over design was used to compare the duration of action for three pharmacological combinations: s
PMID 21576031