関: chipmunk、prairie dog、Sciuridae、squirrel

WordNet

the fur of a squirrel
a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail
a burrowing ground squirrel of western America and Asia; has cheek pouches and a light and dark stripe running down the body
a mammal family of true squirrels including: ground squirrels; marmots; chipmunks; flying squirrels; spermophiles (同)family Sciuridae

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シマリス(背に縦じまがある;北米産)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 09:45:47」(JST)

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	Ammospermophilus

	Notocitellus

Urocitellus

Marmota

Spermophilus sensu stricto

	Otospermophilus

	Callospermophilus

Ictidomys

Poliocitellus

	Cynomys

	Xerospermophilus

Relationships among the Marmotini according to cytochrome b data (Helgen et al., 2009: fig. 2). Genera that were formerly included in Spermophilus are in bold.

Spermophilus is a genus of ground squirrels in the family Sciuridae. The majority of ground squirrel species, over 40 in total, are usually placed in this genus. However, Spermophilus in the broad sense has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues.

Some Eurasian species are sometimes called susliks (or sousliks). This name comes from Russian суслик, suslik.^[1] In some languages a derivative of the name is in common usage, for example suseł in Polish.^[2] The scientific name of this genus means "seed-lovers".

Ground squirrels may carry fleas that transmit diseases to humans (see Black Plague), and have been destructive in tunneling underneath human habitation. Though capable of climbing, most species of ground squirrel live in open, treeless habitats.^[3]

Species

A generic revision was undertaken in 2007 by means of phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. This resulted in the splitting of Spermophilus into eight genera, which with the prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels are each given as numbered clades. The exact relations between the clades are slightly unclear. Among these, 11 exclusively Palearctic species are retained as the genus Spermophilus sensu stricto (in the strictest sense).

Clade 1, Notocitellus, the tropical ground squirrels

Tropical ground squirrel, Notocitellus adocetus
Ring-tailed ground squirrel, Notocitellus annulatus

Clade 2, Ammospermophilus, the antelope squirrels

See antelope squirrel.

Clade 3, Otospermophilus, the rock squirrels

Rock squirrel, Otospermophilus variegatus
California ground squirrel, Otospermophilus beecheyi
Baja California rock squirrel, Otospermophilus atricapillus

Clade 4, Callospermophilus, the golden-mantled ground squirrels

Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus lateralis
Sierra Madre ground squirrel, Callospermophilus madrensis
Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus saturatus

Clade 5, Xerospermophilus, the pygmy ground squirrels

Mohave ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis
Round-tailed ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus tereticaudus
Spotted ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus spilosoma
Perote ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus perotensis

Clade 6, Cynomys, the prairie dogs

See prairie dog

Clade 7, Poliocitellus

Franklin's ground squirrel, Poliocitellus franklinii

Clade 8, Ictidomys, little ground squirrels

Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus
Mexican ground squirrel, Ictidomys mexicanus
Ictidomys parvidens

Clade 9, Marmota, the marmots

See marmot.

Clade 10, Urocitellus, Holarctic ground squirrels

Long-tailed ground squirrel, Urocitellus undulatus
Uinta ground squirrel, Urocitellus armatus
Belding's ground squirrel, Urocitellus beldingi
Idaho ground squirrel, Urocitellus brunneus
Merriam's ground squirrel, Urocitellus canus
Columbian ground squirrel, Urocitellus columbianus
Wyoming ground squirrel, Urocitellus elegans
Piute ground squirrel, Urocitellus mollis
Arctic ground squirrel, Urocitellus parryii
Townsend's ground squirrel, Urocitellus townsendii
Washington ground squirrel, Urocitellus washingtoni
Richardson's ground squirrel, Urocitellus richardsonii

Clade 11, Spermophilus sensu stricto, Old World ground squirrels

European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus
Alashan ground squirrel, Spermophilus alashanicus
Daurian ground squirrel, Spermophilus dauricus
Red-cheeked ground squirrel, Spermophilus erythrogenys
Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus
Russet ground squirrel, Spermophilus major
Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus
Spermophilus relictus
Speckled ground squirrel, Spermophilus suslicus
Taurus ground squirrel, Spermophilus taurensis
Asia Minor ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus
Spermophilus pallidicauda
Spermophilus ralli
Spermophilus brevicauda

Notes

^ The Free Dictionary
^ Wiktionary
^ Encyclopædia Britannica

References

Helgen, Kristofer M.; Cole, F. Russel; Helgen, Lauren E.; and Wilson, Don E (2009). "Generic Revision in the Holarctic Ground Squirrel Genus Spermophilus". Journal of Mammalogy 90 (2): 270–305. doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-309.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2011.

External links

English Journal

The expression of leptin, hypothalamic neuropeptides and UCP1 before, during and after fattening in the Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus).

Xing X1, Yang M2, Wang DH3.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2015 Jun;184:105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.02.012. Epub 2015 Feb 21.
The Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus) accumulates large amounts of body fat during pre-hibernation fattening. Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone, plays important roles in energy balance and thermogenesis. We predicted that body fat accumulation would lead to the elevation of leptin con
PMID 25711781

The complete mitochondrial genome of Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (Rodentia: Sciuridae).

Zhang L1, Storey KB, Yu DN, Hu Y, Zhang JY.
Mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA.2015 May 29:1-2. [Epub ahead of print]
The complete mitochondrial genome of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) was sequenced to analyze the gene arrangement. It is a circular molecule of 16,458 bp in length including 37 genes typically found in other squirrels. The AT content of the ove
PMID 26024127

Relationships of diversity, disparity, and their evolutionary rates in squirrels (Sciuridae).

Zelditch ML1, Li J2,3, Tran LA3, Swiderski DL2,4.
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.Evolution.2015 May;69(5):1284-300. doi: 10.1111/evo.12642. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Several theories predict that rapidly diversifying clades will also rapidly diverge phenotypically; yet, there are also reasons for suspecting that diversification and divergence might not be correlated. In the widely distributed squirrel clade (Sciuridae), we test for correlations between per linea
PMID 25787014

Japanese Journal

サイクロオキシゲナーゼ-2(COX-2)とトランスフォーミング成長因子-β1(TGF-β1)に対する免疫反応性を示すリチャードソンジリス (Spermophilus richardsonii) の頬腺由来自然発生性腺癌の一例

山手丈至,山本絵美,名部美琴 [他],桑村充,藤田大介,佐々井浩志
Experimental animals 56(5), 379-384, 2007-10-01
The ground squirrel is used as an experimental animal because of its unique biological nature. A 3-year-old female Richardson's ground squirrel developed a mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, in the buccal muco …
NAID 10019776750

Evolutionary history of the arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii) in Nearctic Beringia

EDDINGSAAS A.
Journal of Mammalogy 85, 591-600, 2004
NAID 30014925496

The effect of livestock grazing on densities of Brandt's voles and Daurian ground squirrels in Hulunber grassland, northern Inner Mongolia

Onodera Kensuke,Maruyama Naoki,Shi Kun,Gao Zongxing,Koganezawa Masaaki
Biosphere conservation : for nature, wildlife, and humans 3(1), 27-33, 2000-11
… Grazing effects on burrow densities of Brandt's voles Microtus brandti and Daurian ground squirrels Spermophilus [=Citellus] dauricus were investigated in Hulunber grassland, northern Inner Mongolia in June and July 1998. …
NAID 110001817319

「ジリス属」

Spermophilus; Temporal range: Middle Miocene - Recent
	European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Tribe:	Marmotini
Genus:	Spermophilus; Cuvier, 1825
Species
	See text.

　　[★]

ラ: Spermophilus
関: リス、シマリス、リス科、プレーリードッグ、Spermophilus属、スペルモフィルス属

「prairie dog」

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プレーリードッグ

関: chipmunk、Sciuridae、Spermophilus、squirrel

「chipmunk」

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シマリス

関: prairie dog、Sciuridae、Spermophilus、squirrel

「squirrel」

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リス

関: chipmunk、prairie dog、Sciuridae、Spermophilus

「Sciuridae」

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リス科

関: chipmunk、prairie dog、Spermophilus、squirrel

「Spermophilus属」

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ラ: Spermophilus
関: ジリス属、スペルモフィルス属

[1] The Free Dictionary

[2] Wiktionary

[3] Encyclopædia Britannica

リンク元	「ジリス属」「prairie dog」「chipmunk」「squirrel」「Sciuridae」
拡張検索	「Spermophilus属」

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案内

案内

Spermophilus