粘液細菌
- 関
- myxobacteria、myxobacterium
WordNet
- bacteria that form colonies in self-produced slime; inhabit moist soils or decaying plant matter or animal waste (同)myxobacterium, myxobacter, gliding_bacteria, slime bacteria
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/20 20:40:58」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Myxobacteria |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
| Phylum: |
Proteobacteria |
| Class: |
Delta Proteobacteria |
| Order: |
Myxococcales |
| Genus: |
Sorangium |
| Species: |
cellulosum |
Sorangium cellulosum is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium of the group myxobacteria.[1] It is motile and shows gliding motility. Under stressful conditions this motility, as in other myxobacteria, the cells congregate to form fruiting bodies and differentiate into myxospores. These congregating cells make isolation of pure culture and colony counts on agar medium difficult as the bacterium spread and colonies merge.[2] It has an unusually-large genome of 13,033,779 base pairs, making it the largest bacterial genome sequenced to date by roughly 4 Mb.[3]
|
Contents
- 1 Ecology
- 2 Secondary compounds
- 3 Clinical use
- 4 References
|
Ecology
S. cellulosum is found in soils, animal feces, and tree bark.[4] The bacterium is a saprophyte deriving its nutrition from cellulose aerobically. It is a prolific producer of secondary fungicides and bactericides that reduce competition in soil environments.[5] In lab samples, S. cellulosum grows on agar medium only when certain cell densities are plated. Quorum-sensing allows Sorangium to grow in communities sufficiently large to metabolize cellulose.[2]
Secondary compounds
Sorangium produces 50% of all known metabolites produced by myxobacteria.[3] These include compounds that are antifungal, antibacterial, antibiotic resistant, or can even disable mammalian cells. These many compounds have sparked intense mining of its extensive genome in exploration of possible industrial and medical applications. Some of these secondary compounds include:
- Ambruticin and Jerangolid a - Antifungal agents.
- Chivosazol - a compound that destroys the actin skelton of eukaryotic cells. It is effective against yeast, filamentous fungi and mammalian cells.[6]
- Epothilone - Compounds that target microtubule function leading to cytotoxicity and apoptosis.[7] Has shown antitumor properties.
- Myxochelin a - Antibacterial agent that acts by sequestering iron in the environment.[8]
- Soraphen a - An agent highly effective against plant-pathogenic fungi. It was extensively researched for agricultural use until it was discovered to be a teratogen.[4]
Industrial fermentation and genetic manipulation of S. cellulosum is challenging. No plasmids have been found to replicate in S. cellulosum cells. Reproducible genetic alterations must be made directly into the chromosome.[9]
Clinical use
Metabolites secreted by Sorangium cellulosum known as epothilones have been noted to have antineoplastic activity.[10] This has led to the development of analogs which mimic its activity. One such analog, known as Ixabepilone is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved chemotherapy agent for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.[1]
References
- ^ Julien B, Fehd R (2003). "Development of a mariner-based transposon for use in Sorangium cellulosum.". Appl Environ Microbiol 69 (10): 6299–301. doi:10.1128/AEM.69.10.6299-6301.2003. PMC 201241. PMID 14532095. http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/69/10/6299?view=long&pmid=14532095.
- ^ a b Reichenbach H.; Hofle, G. (1999). "Myxobacteria as producer of secondary metabolites". Drug Discovery from Nature: 149–179.
- ^ a b Schneiker S et al. (2007). "Complete genome sequence of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum". Nature Biotechnology 25 (11): 1281–1289. doi:10.1038/nbt1354. PMID 17965706.
- ^ a b Zirkle, R.; Ligon, J.M. and Molnar, I. (2004). "Heterlogous production of the antifungal polyketide antibiotic soraphen A of Sorangium cellulosumvSo ce26 in Streptomyces lividans". Microbiology 150 (Pt 8): 2761–2774. doi:10.1099/mic.0.27138-0. PMID 15289572.
- ^ Pradella, S.; Hans, A. Sproer, C. Reichenbach, H. Gerth, K. Beyer, S. (2002). "Characterization, genome size and genetic manipulation of the myxobacerium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56". Arch Microbiol 178: 484–494. doi:10.1007/s00203-002-0479-2. PMID 12420170.
- ^ Perlova, Olena; Klaus Gerth, Olaf Kaiser, Astrid Hans, Rolf Müller (24). "Identification and analysis of the chivosazol biosynthetic gene cluster from the myxobacterial model strain Sorangium cellulosum So ce56". Journal of Biotechnology 121 (2): 174–191. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.10.011. PMID 16313990.
- ^ Goodin, Susan; Michael P. Kane and Eric H. Rubin (15). "Epothilones: Mechanism of Action and Biologic Activity". Journal of Clinical Oncology 22 (10): 2015–2025. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.12.001. PMID 15143095.
- ^ Gaitatzis, Nikolaos; Brigitte Kunze, and Rolf Muller (25). "In vitro reconstitution of the myxochelin biosynthetic machinery of Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15: Biochemical characterization of a reductive release mechanism from nonribosomal peptide synthetases". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98 (20): 11136–11141. doi:10.1073pnas.201167098.
- ^ Jaoua, S.; Neff, S. Schupp, T. (1992). "Transfer of mobilizable plasmids to Sorangium cellulosum and evidence for their integration into the chromosome". Plasmid 28 (2): 157–165. PMID 1409972.
- ^ Lee FY, Borzilleri R, Fairchild CR, et al. (December 2008). "Preclinical discovery of ixabepilone, a highly active antineoplastic agent". Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 63 (1): 157–66. doi:10.1007/s00280-008-0724-8. PMID 18347795.
English Journal
- New feruloyl esterases to access phenolic acids from grass biomass.
- Wu M, Abokitse K, Grosse S, Leisch H, Lau PC.SourceBiotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.
- Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.Appl Biochem Biotechnol.2012 Sep;168(1):129-43. Epub 2011 Sep 17.
- In the Sorangium cellulosum strain So ce56 genome, two putative esterase-encoding genes (loci sce1896 and sce8927) were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and the resulting enzymes (designated ScFAE1 and ScFAE2) were used to assess the possible release of ferulic acid (FA) from triticale and whe
- PMID 21927859
- Total synthesis of a noricumazole A library and evaluation of HCV inhibition.
- Barbier J, Wegner J, Benson S, Gentzsch J, Pietschmann T, Kirschning A.SourceInstitut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany).Chemistry.2012 Jul 16;18(29):9083-90. doi: 10.1002/chem.201104042. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
- The total synthesis of 16 new ion channel inhibitors derived from noricumazole A, a secondary metabolite from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, is reported. Particular focus of library design is put on stereochemical permutations in the central region (C9 and C11), the oxazole moiety and the
- PMID 22696300
Japanese Journal
- The Thuggacins, Novel Antibacterial Macrolides from Sorangium cellulosum Acting against Selected Gram-positive Bacteria : Production, Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action
- IRSCHIK Herbert,REICHENBACH Hans,HOFLE Gerhard,JANSEN Rolf
- Journal of antibiotics = An International Journal Devoted to Research on Bioactive Microbial Products 60(12), 733-738, 2007-12-25
- NAID 10020176305
- Autonomously Replicating Plasmid Transforms Sorangium cellulosum So ce90 and Induces Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein(GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE ENGINEERING)
- Tu Yun,Chen Guo-Ping,Wang Yuan-Liang
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 104(5), 385-390, 2007-11-25
- … A recombinant plasmid, pRP-GFP, harboring the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from the broad-host-range mobilizable plasmid pRK415 of the RK2 family was constructed and transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli S17-1 to Sorangium cellulosum So ce90. … cellulosum So ce90 was detected by fluorescence microscopy, which suggests that the EpoPro fragment had the function of promoter. … cellulosum. …
- NAID 110006473520
- Cloning, Sequence Analysis and Disruption of the mglA Gene Involved in Swarming Motility of Sorangium cellulosum So ce26, a Producer of the Antifungal Polyketide Antibiotic Soraphen A (GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE ENGINEERING)
- ZIRKLE ROSS,LIGON JAMES M.,MOLNAR ISTVAN
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 97(4), 267-274, 2004-04-25
- … The myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce26, the producer of the agriculturally important fungicide antibiotic soraphen A, displays coordinated gliding motility (swarming) on agar surfaces. … cellulosum So ce26 that shows similarity to the M. … cellulosum So ce26 mglA homolog resulted in a strain with a nonswarming colony phenotype. …
- NAID 110002665295
Related Links
- ゲノムサイズは軒並み900万bpを上回り、解析済みの原核生物の中では最大である。 2007年に報告されたSorangium cellulosumのゲノムサイズは1303万3779kbpと真核 生物である出芽酵母（1200万bp）を上回っている。ORFは7000～10000箇所で出芽 ...
- Sorangium cellulosum - Description: Sorangium cellulosum is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium of the group myxobacteria. ... Clinical useMetabolites secreted by Sorangium cellulosum known as epothilones have been noted to have ...
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- 英
- myxobacterium、myxobacteria、Sorangium cellulosum
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- ミキソコッカス属、ミクソコックス目
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粘液細菌
- 関
- myxobacterium、Myxococcales、Myxococcus、Sorangium cellulosum
[★]
粘液細菌
- 関
- myxobacteria、Sorangium cellulosum