ブユ属、シムリウム属、Simulium属
- 関
- black fly、blackfly、Simuliidae
WordNet
- type genus of the Simuliidae: blackflies (同)genus Simulium
- blackish aphid that infests e.g. beans and sugar beets (同)bean aphid, Aphis fabae
- small blackish stout-bodied biting fly having aquatic larvae; sucks the blood of birds as well as humans and other mammals (同)black_fly, buffalo gnat
- blackflies and sand flies (同)family Simuliidae
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/08/29 05:04:01」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Simulium |
|
| Simulium trifasciatum |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Arthropoda |
| Class: |
Insecta |
| Order: |
Diptera |
| Family: |
Simuliidae |
| Subfamily: |
Simuliinae |
| Tribe: |
Simuliini |
| Genus: |
Simulium
Latreille, 1802 |
| Type species |
S. colombaschense
(Scopoli, 1780) usually attrib. Fabricius, 1787 |
| Subgenera |
|
See Text.
|
| Synonyms |
- Simulia Olfers, 1816
- Melusina Hendel 1908
- Atractocera Meigen, 1803
|
Simulium is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is a large genus with several hundred species, and 41 subgenera.[1]
The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of enzymes and histamine, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss anaemia.
The host’s reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as “black fly fever” and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma.
Systematics
Subgenera:
- Afrosimulium Crosskey, 1969
- Anasolen Enderlein, 1930
- Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, 2005
- Aspathia Enderlein, 1935
- Boophthora Enderlein, 1921
- Boreosimulium Rubtsov & Yankovsky, 1982
- Byssodon Enderlein, 1925
- Chirostilbia Enderlein, 1921
- Crosskeyellum Grenier & Bailly-Choumara, 1970
- Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler, 1997
- Ectemnaspis Enderlein, 1934
- Edwardsellum Enderlein, 1921
- Eusimulium Roubaud, 1906
- Freemanellum Crosskey, 1969
- Gomphostilbia Enderlein, 1921
- Hebridosimulium Grenier & Rageau, 1961
- Hellichiella Rivosecchi & Cardinali, 1975
- Hemicnetha Enderlein, 1934
- Inaequalium Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1984
- Inseliellum Rubtsov, 1974
- Lewisellum Crosskey, 1969
- Meilloniellum Rubtsov, 1962
- Metomphalus Enderlein, 1935
- Montisimulium Rubtsov, 1974
- Morops Enderlein, 1930
- Nevermannia Enderlein, 1921
- Notolepria Enderlein, 1930
- Obuchovia Rubtsov, 1947
- Phoretomyia Crosskey, 1969
- Pomeroyellum Rubtsov, 1962
- Psaroniocompsa Enderlein, 1934
- Psilopelmia Enderlein, 1934
- Psilozia Enderlein, 1936
- Pternaspatha Enderlein, 1930
- Rubzovia Petrova, 1983
- Schoenbaueria Enderlein, 1921
- Simulium Latreille, 1802
- Trichodagmia Enderlein, 1934[2]
- Wallacellum Takaoka, 1983
- Wilhelmia Enderlein, 1921
- Xenosimulium Crosskey, 1969
In Balkan Folklore
In Serbian mythology there is a legend concerning an ala (demon) (a female entity associated with hailstorms,madness and disease ) fabled to have died in a cave near the town of Golubac in the Pozarevac District in Eastern Serbia.The rotting corpse of this being is said to send forth each Spring a swarm of Golubatz flies - individuals of the species Simulium colombaschense. The fact that the Golubatz fly is a voracious bloodsucker and disease vector (epidemiology) accords well with the functions attributed to the ala, emphasising her malign potency - even in death - while the legend provides, reciprocally, a folkloric explanation for the genesis of so unpleasant an insect.[3][4]The specific name colombaschense signifies 'of Golubac' (Serbian pronunciation: 'Golubatz' ) - the name of the village (signifying dovecote from Slavic golub a dove/pigeon (see Columbidae), cognate with Latin (language) columba,having the same meaning).S.colombaschense was a notorious insect pest of the Banat (part of the Pannonian Basin,bordered to the south by the Danube),during the 18th century.[5]
References
- ^ Peter H. Adler & Roger W. Crosskey (2009). "World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory". Natural History Museum. p. 109.
- ^ Hernandez Triana, Luis M. (2011). Systematics of the Blackfly Subgenus Trichodagmia Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in the New World. Wageningen University. pp. ix, 1–536. ISBN 9789085858652.
- ^ Ramel, Gordon John Larkman (4 March 2007). "The Nematocera". Earth-Life Web Productions. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-21. (Beside biological data, the page mentions a legend on black flies from the Carpathians.)
- ^ Karadžić, Vuk Stefanović (2005). Живот и обичаји народа српскога (in Serbian). Belgrade: Politika : Narodna knjiga. p. 276. ISBN 86-331-1946-3.
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian (March 2001). "The Name of the Type Species of Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae): an historical footnote". Entomological News 112 (2): 125. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Relating metal exposure and chemical speciation to trace metal accumulation in aquatic insects under natural field conditions.
- De Jonge M1, Lofts S2, Bervoets L3, Blust R3.
- The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2014 Oct 15;496:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.023. Epub 2014 Jul 20.
- The present study investigated to what extent measured dissolved metal concentrations, WHAM-predicted free metal ion activity and modulating water chemistry factors can predict Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb accumulation in various aquatic insects under natural field conditions. Total dissolved concentration
- PMID 25051425
- Elimination of onchocerciasis in the WHO Region of the Americas: Ecuador’s progress towards verification of elimination.
- [No authors listed]
- Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiène du Secrétariat de la Société des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations.Wkly Epidemiol Rec.2014 Sep 12;89(37):401-5.
- PMID 25221799
- Optimization of the Esperanza window trap for the collection of the African onchocerciasis vector Simulium damnosum sensu lato.
- Toé LD1, Koala L2, Burkett-Cadena ND3, Traoré BM2, Sanfo M1, Kambiré SR2, Cupp EW4, Traoré S2, Yameogo L1, Boakye D1, Rodríguez-Pérez MA5, Unnasch TR6.
- Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2014 Sep;137:39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.029. Epub 2014 May 2.
- A simple inexpensive trap (Esperanza window trap) was shown recently to collect significant numbers of Simulium ochraceum sensu lato, a major vector of Onchocerca volvulus in Mesoamerica. Here, we report studies optimizing this trap for the collection of Simulium damnosum s.l., the major vector of O
- PMID 24794201
Japanese Journal
- タイ産ブユSimulium (Simulium) sucharitiの雄成虫の記載
- A new species of <i>Simulium</i> (<i>Asiosimulium</i>) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Myanmar
- 本邦における人獣共通オンコセルカ症：その起因種と媒介ブユ種
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ブユ科
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