関: Shope papilloma、tumor virus infection

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nonmalignant tumor of connective tissue

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1. 爪疾患の概要 overview of nail disorders
2. 小児および思春期における良性骨腫瘍：概要 benign bone tumors in children and adolescents an overview
3. 卵巣の性索間質腫瘍：顆粒膜-間質細胞腫瘍 sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary granulosa stromal cell tumors
4. 心臓腫瘍 cardiac tumors
5. 軟組織および骨に影響を与えるさまざまな良性疾患に対する抗腫瘍療法 antineoplastic therapy for miscellaneous benign diseases affecting soft tissue and bone

English Journal

T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 3 is recruited to the immune synapse, disrupts stable synapse formation, and associates with receptor phosphatases.

Clayton KL, Haaland MS, Douglas-Vail MB, Mujib S, Chew GM, Ndhlovu LC, Ostrowski MA.Author information Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;AbstractCD8(+) CTLs are adept at killing virally infected cells and cancer cells and releasing cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ) to aid this response. However, during cancer and chronic viral infections, such as with HIV, this CTL response is progressively impaired due to a process called T cell exhaustion. Previous work has shown that the glycoprotein T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) plays a functional role in establishing T cell exhaustion. Tim-3 is highly upregulated on virus and tumor Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, and antagonizing Tim-3 helps restore function of CD8(+) T cells. However, very little is known of how Tim-3 signals in CTLs. In this study, we assessed the role of Tim-3 at the immunological synapse as well as its interaction with proximal TCR signaling molecules in primary human CD8(+) T cells. Tim-3 was found within CD8(+) T cell lipid rafts at the immunological synapse. Blocking Tim-3 resulted in a significantly greater number of stable synapses being formed between Tim-3(hi)CD8(+) T cells and target cells, suggesting that Tim-3 plays a functional role in synapse formation. Further, we confirmed that Tim-3 interacts with Lck, but not the phospho-active form of Lck. Finally, Tim-3 colocalizes with receptor phosphatases CD45 and CD148, an interaction that is enhanced in the presence of the Tim-3 ligand, galectin-9. Thus, Tim-3 interacts with multiple signaling molecules at the immunological synapse, and characterizing these interactions could aid in the development of therapeutics to restore Tim-3-mediated immune dysfunction.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2014 Jan 15;192(2):782-91. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302663. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
CD8(+) CTLs are adept at killing virally infected cells and cancer cells and releasing cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ) to aid this response. However, during cancer and chronic viral infections, such as with HIV, this CTL response is progressively impaired due to a process called T cell exhaustion. Previous
PMID 24337741

Helichrysum italicum: From traditional use to scientific data.

Antunes Viegas D1, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A2, Salgueiro L3, Martinez-de-Oliveira J4, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R5.Author information 1CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: danielantunesviegas@gmail.com.2CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: apo@fcsaude.ubi.pt.3Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: ligia@ff.uc.pt.4CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Child and Women Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: jmo@fcsaude.ubi.pt.5CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: rpo@fcsaude.ubi.pt.AbstractETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. (family Asteraceae) has been used for its medicinal properties for a long time and, even nowadays, continues to play an important role in the traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries. Based on this traditional knowledge, its different pharmacological activities have been the focus of active research. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the pharmacological activities of Helichrysum italicum, as well as its traditional uses, toxicity, drug interactions and safety.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2014 Jan 10;151(1):54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.005. Epub 2013 Nov 14.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. (family Asteraceae) has been used for its medicinal properties for a long time and, even nowadays, continues to play an important role in the traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries. Based on this traditional knowledge,
PMID 24239849

The use of a TLR2 agonist-based adjuvant for enhancing effector and memory CD8 T-cell responses.

Chua BY, Olson MR, Bedoui S, Sekiya T, Wong CY, Turner SJ, Jackson DC.Author information Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.AbstractWe have previously shown that the immunogenicity of protein antigens can be significantly enhanced if electrostatically associated with the Toll-like receptor-2 agonist-based lipopeptide R4Pam2Cys. The precise mechanisms and effectiveness of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated response facilitated by this agonist, however, have not been studied. Here we show that priming by dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes of animals vaccinated with antigen delivered using R4Pam2Cys results in significantly improved T-cell proliferation and induces their differentiation into polyfunctional effector CTLs characterised by granzyme B expression and the ability to secrete interferon-γ, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α 7 days after vaccination. After 30 days, frequencies of antigen-specific CD62lowCD127high (effector memory), CD62highCD127high (central memory) and CD43lowCD27high CD8+ T cells, a phenotype associated with strong recall responses against respiratory infections, are also increased compared with responses obtained with antigens formulated in the adjuvants Alum (alhydrogel) and CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant). The phenotypic changes observed in these mice vaccinated using R4Pam2Cys further correlated with their ability to recall specific T cells into the lung to mediate the reduction of pulmonary viral titres following challenge with a chimeric influenza virus containing the KbOVA257-264 epitope compared with animals vaccinated using Alum or CFA. The findings from this study not only demonstrate that better T-cell responses can be elicited using R4Pam2Cys compared with classically utilised adjuvants but also highlight the potential effectiveness of this lipopeptide-based adjuvant particularly against viral infections that require resolution through cell-mediated immunity.Immunology and Cell Biology advance online publication, 7 January 2014; doi:10.1038/icb.2013.102.
Immunology and cell biology.Immunol Cell Biol.2014 Jan 7. doi: 10.1038/icb.2013.102. [Epub ahead of print]
We have previously shown that the immunogenicity of protein antigens can be significantly enhanced if electrostatically associated with the Toll-like receptor-2 agonist-based lipopeptide R4Pam2Cys. The precise mechanisms and effectiveness of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated response facilit
PMID 24394993