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- 関
- newt、Taricha
WordNet
- salamanders (同)family Salamandridae
- small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and northern Asia (同)triton
- Pacific newts (同)genus Taricha
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/10 12:00:12」(JST)
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Salamandridae
True Salamanders and Newts |
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| Notophthalmus viridescens from North America |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Class: |
Amphibia |
| Order: |
Caudata |
| Suborder: |
Salamandroidea |
| Family: |
Salamandridae
Goldfuss, 1820 |
| Genera |
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Calotriton
Chioglossa
Cynops
Echinotriton
Euproctus
Lissotriton
Lyciasalamandra
Mertensiella
Mesotriton
Neurergus
Notophthalmus
Ommatotriton
Pachytriton
Paramesotriton
Pleurodeles
Salamandra
Salamandrina
Taricha
Triturus
Tylototriton
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The Salamandridae are a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Currently, 74 species (with more expected) have been identified in the Northern Hemisphere - Europe, Asia, the northern tip of Africa, and North America. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of their bodies and by their rough skin.
With a few exceptions, salamandrids have patterns of bright and contrasting colours. They have four well-developed limbs, with four toes on the fore limbs, and (in most cases) five toes on the hind limbs. They vary from 7 to 30 cm (3 to 12 in) in length.[1]
The alpine salamander and Lanza's fire salamander give birth to live young, without a tadpole stage, but the other species lay their eggs in water. Some newts are neotenic, being able to reproduce before they are fully metamorphosed.[1]
Contents
- 1 Phylogeny
- 2 Taxonomy
- 3 Notes
- 4 External links
Phylogeny[edit]
Cladograms based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011)[2] and modified using Mikko Haaramo [3]
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| Salamandrininae |
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†Archaeotriton basalticus
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Salamandrina
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| Salamandrinae |
| Chioglossini |
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†Mertensiella caucasica
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Chioglossa lusitanica
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| Salamandrini |
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†Megalotriton filholi
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Lyciasalamandra
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Salamandra
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| Pleurodelinae |
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†Carpathotriton
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| Pleurodelini |
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†Brachycormus noachicus
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†Chelotriton
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†Palaeopleurodeles hauffi
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Pleurodeles
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Echinotriton
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Tylototriton
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| Molgini |
| Tarichina |
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| Molgina |
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†Koalliella genzeli
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†Oligosemia spinosa
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Lissotriton
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Euproctus
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Ichthyosaura alpestris
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| Cynopita |
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†Procynops miocenicus
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Laotriton laoensis
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Taxonomy[edit]
The genera Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella, and Salamandra are grouped in the subfamily Salamandrinae, the rest are in Pleurodelinae.[4] Those with a more thoroughly aquatic lifestyle are referred to as "newts", but this is not a formal taxonomic description.
Family SALAMANDRIDAE
- Subfamily Pleurodelinae
- Genus Calotriton (Spanish brook newts) - two species
- Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)
- Pyrenean brook salamander (Calotriton asper)
- Genus Cynops (fire belly newts) - seven species
- Chenggong fire belly newt (Cynops chenggongensis )
- Chuxiong fire-bellied newt (Cynops cyanurus)
- Japanese sword-tail newt (Cynops ensicauda)
- Chinese fire belly newt (Cynops orientalis)
- Dayang fire belly newt (Cynops orphicus)
- Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster)
- Yunnan lake newt (Cynops wolterstorffi)
- Genus Echinotriton (crocodile newts) - two species
- Anderson's crocodile newt (Echinotriton andersoni)
- Chinhai spiny newt (Echinotriton chinhaiensis)
- Genus Euproctus (Brook Salamanders) - two species
- Corsican brook salamander (Euproctus montanus)
- Sardinian brook salamander (Euproctus platycephalus)
- Genus Lissotriton (small-bodied newts) - five species
- Bosca's newt (Lissotriton boscai)
- Palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus)
- Italian newt (Lissotriton italicus)
- Carpathian newt (Lissotriton montandoni)
- Smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris)
- Genus Mesotriton (alpine newt) - one species
- Alpine newt (Mesotriton alpestris)
- Genus Neurergus (spotted newts) - four species
- Yellow-spotted newt (Neurergus crocatus)
- Kaiser's spotted newt (Neurergus kaiseri)
- Kurdistan spotted newt (Neurergus microspilotus)
- Strauch's spotted newt (Neurergus strauchii)
- Genus Notophthalmus (eastern newts) - three species
- Black-spotted newt (Notophthalmus meridionalis)
- Striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus)
- Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)
- Genus Ommatotriton (banded newts) - two species
- Northern banded newt (Ommatotriton ophryticus)
- Southern banded newt (Ommatotriton vittatus)
- Genus Pachytriton (paddle-tail newts) - two species (with four more to be evaluated)
- Spotted paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton brevipes)
- Paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton labiatus)
- probably four more species not yet described completely, known as Pachytriton A, B, C and D
- Genus Paramesotriton (warty newts) -seven species
- Spot-tailed warty newt (Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)
- Chinese warty newt (Paramesotriton chinensis)
- Tam Dao salamander or Tam Dao warty newt (Paramesotriton deloustali)
- Wanggao warty newt (Paramesotriton fuzhongensis)
- Guangxi warty newt (Paramesotriton guanxiensis)
- Hong Kong warty newt (Paramesotriton hongkongensis)
- Laos warty newt (Paramesotriton laoensis)
- Genus Pleurodeles (ribbed newts) - three species
- Algerian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles nebulosus)
- Edough ribbed newt (Pleurodeles poireti)
- Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl)
- Genus Salamandrina (spectacled salamanders) - two species
- Southern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina terdigitata)
- Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata)
- Genus Taricha (western newts / Pacific newts) - three species
- Rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa)
- Red-bellied newt (Taricha rivularis)
- California newt (Taricha torosa)
- Genus Triturus (crested newts) - seven species
- Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
- Northern crested newt (Triturus cristatus)
- Danube crested newt (Triturus dobrogicus)
- Southern crested newt (Triturus karelinii)
- Marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus)
- Southern marbled newt or pygmy marbled newt (Triturus pygmaeus)
- Genus Tylototriton (crocodile newts) - eight species
- Black knobby newt (Tylototriton asperrimus)
- Hainan knobby newt (Tylototriton hainanensis)
- Red-tailed knobby newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis)
- Mandarin newt (Tylototriton shanjing)
- Taliang knobby newt (Tylototriton taliangensis)
- Himalayan crocodile newt (Tylototriton verrucosus)
- Vietnamese crocodile newt (Tylototriton vietnamensis)
- Wenxian knobby newt (Tylototriton wenxianensis)
- Subfamily Salamandrinae
- Genus Chioglossa - one species
- Gold-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica)
- Genus Lyciasalamandra - seven species
- Anatolia Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra antalyana)
- Atif's Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra atifi)
- Bay Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra billae)
- Fazil Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra fazilae)
- Marmaris Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra flavimembris)
- Karpathos Lycian salamander (Lyciasalamandra helverseni)
- Luschan's salamander (Lyciasalamandra luschani)
- Genus Mertensiella - one species
- Caucasian salamander (Mertensiella caucasica)
- Genus Salamandra (fire salamanders) - six species
- North African fire salamander (Salamandra algira)
- Alpine salamander (Salamandra atra)
- Corsican fire salamander (Salamandra corsica)
- Near Eastern fire salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata)
- Lanza's alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai)
- Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Lanza, B., Vanni, S., & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ^ Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–853.
- ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2011). "Caudata – salamanders". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.
- ^ http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=27224
External links[edit]
Data related to Salamandridae at Wikispecies Media related to Salamandridae at Wikimedia Commons
- Tree of Life: Salamandridae
- Living Under World
- Tylototriton.org
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Caudate families by suborder
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- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Craniata
- Superclass Tetrapoda
- Class Amphibia
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| Cryptobranchoidea |
- Cryptobranchidae
- Hynobiidae
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|
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| Salamandroidea |
- Ambystomatidae
- Amphiumidae
- Dicamptodontidae
- Plethodontidae
- Proteidae
- Rhyacotritonidae
- Salamandridae
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| Sirenoidea |
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English Journal
- Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) in European newts Triturus carnifex and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae).
- Caffara M, Bruni G, Paoletti C, Gustinelli A, Fioravanti ML.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy.
- Journal of helminthology.J Helminthol.2013 Mar 18:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]
- Adults of Clinostomum spp. are digenetic trematodes found in fish-eating birds, reptiles and occasionally mammals, including humans. Freshwater snails serve as first intermediate hosts and many fish species and amphibians as second intermediate hosts. To date, amphibian hosts of Clinostomum metacerc
- PMID 23506789
- Increased frequency and severity of developmental deformities in rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) embryos exposed to road deicing salts (NaCl & MgCl2).
- Hopkins GR, French SS, Brodie ED Jr.SourceDepartment of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA. gareth.hopkins@usu.edu
- Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987).Environ Pollut.2013 Feb;173:264-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Dec 1.
- Road-side aquatic ecosystems in North America are annually polluted with millions of tons of road deicing salts, which threaten the survival of amphibians which live and breed in these habitats. While much is known of the effects of NaCl, little is known of the second most-commonly used deicer, MgCl
- PMID 23207496
- Gravity changes during animal development affect IgM heavy-chain transcription and probably lymphopoiesis.
- Huin-Schohn C, Guéguinou N, Schenten V, Bascove M, Koch GG, Baatout S, Tschirhart E, Frippiat JP.SourceDepartment of Development and Immunogenetics, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.FASEB J.2013 Jan;27(1):333-41. doi: 10.1096/fj.12-217547. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
- Our previous research demonstrated that spaceflight conditions affect antibody production in response to an antigenic stimulation in adult amphibians. Here, we investigated whether antibody synthesis is affected when animal development occurs onboard a space station. To answer this question, embryos
- PMID 22993194
Japanese Journal
- Asymmetric Female Preferences for Courtship Pheromones in Two Closely-related Newt Species, the Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) and the Carpathian Newt (L. montandoni) (Salamandridae)
- A New Species of Pachytriton from China (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)
- NISHIKAWA Kanto,MATSUI Masafumi,JIANG Jian-Ping
- Current Herpetology 31(1), 21-27, 2012
- A new species of the salamandrid genus Pachytriton is described based on two individuals purchased from pet shops in Japan. The original locality of these specimens is known only as “China”, and furth …
- NAID 130002072888
- Unmasking Pachytriton labiatus (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae), with description of a new species of Pachytriton from Guangxi, China
- Nishikawa Kanto,Jiang Jian-Ping,Matsui Masafumi [他]
- Zoological science 28(6), 453-461, 2011-06
- NAID 40018820832
Related Links
- This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms. The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching ...
- To cite this page: Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2013. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at http ... Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students
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