SGPT

関

See Alanine aminotransferase

同

serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/08 07:25:09」(JST)

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glutamic-pyruvate transaminase
Identifiers
Symbol	GPT
Entrez	2875
HUGO	4552
OMIM	138200
RefSeq	NM_005309
UniProt	P24298
Other data
EC number	2.6.1.2
Locus	Chr. 8 q24.2-qter

Alanine transaminase
Identifiers
EC number	2.6.1.2
CAS number	9000-86-6
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2). It is also called alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and was formerly called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). ALT is found in plasma and in various body tissues, but is most common in the liver. It catalyzes the two parts of the alanine cycle. Serum ALT level, serum AST (aspartate transaminase) level, and their ratio (AST/ALT ratio) are commonly measured clinically as biomarkers for liver health. The tests are part of blood panels.

Function

ALT catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-alanine to α-ketoglutarate, the products of this reversible transamination reaction being pyruvate and L-glutamate.

L-glutamate + pyruvate ⇌ α-ketoglutarate + L-alanine

Alanine transaminase

ALT (and all transaminases) require the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate, which is converted into pyridoxamine in the first phase of the reaction, when an amino acid is converted into a keto acid.

Clinical significance

ALT is commonly measured clinically as a part of a diagnostic evaluation of hepatocellular injury, to determine liver health. When used in diagnostics, it is almost always measured in international units/liter (IU/L). While sources vary on specific reference range values for patients, 10-40 IU/L is the standard reference range for experimental studies. Alanine transaminase shows a marked diurnal variation.

The ratio of ALT to AST (aspartate transaminase) also has clinical significance.

Elevated levels

Test results should always be interpreted using the reference range from the laboratory that produced the result. However typical reference intervals for ALT are:

Patient type	Reference ranges
Female	≤ 34 IU/L
Male	≤ 52 IU/L

Significantly elevated levels of ALT (SGPT) often suggest the existence of other medical problems such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, congestive heart failure, liver damage, bile duct problems, infectious mononucleosis, or myopathy, so ALT is commonly used as a way of screening for liver problems. Elevated ALT may also be caused by dietary choline deficiency. However, elevated levels of ALT do not automatically mean that medical problems exist. Fluctuation of ALT levels is normal over the course of the day, and they can also increase in response to strenuous physical exercise.

When elevated ALT levels are found in the blood, the possible underlying causes can be further narrowed down by measuring other enzymes. For example, elevated ALT levels due to hepatocyte damage can be distinguished from bile duct problems by measuring alkaline phosphatase. Also, myopathy-related elevations in ALT should be suspected when the aspartate transaminase (AST) is greater than ALT; the possibility of muscle disease causing elevations in liver tests can be further explored by measuring muscle enzymes, including creatine kinase. Many drugs may elevate ALT levels, including Zileuton, omega-3-acid ethyl esters (Lovaza), anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, cholesterol medications, some antipsychotics such as risperidone, and anticonvulsants.. Paracetamol may also elevate ALT levels.

For years, the American Red Cross used ALT testing as part of the battery of tests to ensure the safety of its blood supply by deferring donors with elevated ALT levels. The intent was to identify donors potentially infected with hepatitis C because no specific test for that disease was available at the time. Prior to July 1992, widespread blood donation testing in the USA for hepatitis C was not carried out by major blood banks. With the introduction of second-generation ELISA antibody tests for hepatitis C, the Red Cross changed the ALT policy. As of July 2003, donors previously disqualified for elevated ALT levels and no other reason may be reinstated as donors by contacting the donor-counseling department of their regional Red Cross organization.

See also

• Aspartate transaminase
• Liver function tests

References

External links

• Alanine transaminase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• ALT: analyte monograph; The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at Lab Tests Online

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 肝酵素および肝機能検査値の異常が認められた患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with abnormal liver biochemical and function tests
• 2. 肝線維症の非侵襲的評価：血清学的検査および画像診断 noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis overview of serologic and radiographic tests
• 3. Cystic fibrosis: Hepatobiliary disease
• 4. 肝細胞障害を検出するための肝臓生化学検査 liver biochemical tests that detect injury to hepatocytes
• 5. 黄疸または無症候性高ビリルビン血症成人患者に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to the adult with jaundice or asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia

English Journal

• Protective effects of the standardized extract of Zingiber officinale on myocardium against isoproterenol-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats.

• Amran AZ1, Jantan I, Dianita R, Buang F.
• Pharmaceutical biology.Pharm Biol.2015 Dec;53(12):1795-802. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1008147. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
• CONTEXT: Ginger [Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Zingiberaceae)] has been universally used as a spice as well as for its health benefits.OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the protective effect of the standardized extract of ginger against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in r
• PMID 25868620

• Protective effect of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats.

• Geng ZH1, Huang L1, Song MB1, Song YM2.
• Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Nov 5;132:638-42. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.086. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
• In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of one purified polysaccharide (SMP1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. ISO-treated rats showed severe myocardial damage and high lipid peroxidation level, as well as decreased endoge
• PMID 26256391

• Fluoride-induced oxidative stress is involved in the morphological damage and dysfunction of liver in female mice.

• Zhou BH1, Zhao J1, Liu J2, Zhang JL1, Li J1, Wang HW3.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2015 Nov;139:504-11. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.030. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
• Fluoride (F), one of the most toxic environmental and industrial pollutants, is known to exert hepatotoxicity. The contribution of oxidative stress to the F tolerance of liver remains largely unknown. In this study, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of liver were observed using h
• PMID 26295688

Japanese Journal

• 07-6 Study regarding the effects of Valcele mineral water

• 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 77(5), 482-482, 2014
• NAID 130004719557

• Safety evaluation of Trikatu, a generic Ayurvedic medicine in Charles Foster rats

• Journal of toxicological sciences 34(1), 99-108, 2009-02-01
• NAID 110007043231

• Effects of Dietary Ascorbic Acid on Blood Haematological Profile, Serum Biochemical Components and Tonic Immobility Reaction of Male Turkeys under Summer Condition

• The Journal of Poultry Science 46(2), 105-111, 2009
• NAID 130004446278

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shibuya graph with the pristine touches. (sgpt.) about works portfolio outline profile contact about シブヤグラフのオフィシャルウェブサイトです。 現在、お仕事のご依頼、ご相談、お問い合わせ等は、メールでのみ受付けています。 支援金等 ...

• SGPT | definition of SGPT by Medical dictionary

SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; see alanine transaminase. SGPT Abbreviation for serum glutamic:pyruvic transaminase. SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; see alanine transaminase. SGPT (ĕs′jē′pē′tē′) n. ...

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