ケッチア科

関: Rickettsia

WordNet

microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates (同)family Rickettsiaceae

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/27 09:10:00」(JST)

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The Rickettsiaceae are a family of bacteria. The genus Rickettsia is the most prominent genus within the family.

It is from this family that the bacteria that eventually formed the mitochondria (an organelle in Eukaryotic cells) is believed to have originated.

Most human pathogens in this family are in genus Rickettsia. They spend part of their life cycle in the bodies of arthropods such as ticks or lice, and are then transmitted to humans or other mammals by the bite of the arthropod.

It contains Gram-negative bacteria, very sensitive to environmental exposure, and thus adapted to obligate intracellular infection.

Rickettsia rickettsii is considered the prototypical infectious organism in the group.

Similar arthropod borne Rickettsial infections exist in other areas of the world.

Genomics

Comparative genomic analysis has identified 3 proteins, RP030, RP187 and RP192, which are uniquely found in members of the family Rickettsiaceae and serve as molecular markers for this family.^[1] In addition, conserved signature indels in a number of proteins including a 4 amino acid insert in transcription repair coupling factor Mfd, a 10 amino acid insert in ribosomal protein L19, 1 amino acid inserts each in the FtsZ protein and the major sigma factor 70, and a 1 amino acid deletion in exonuclease VII protein that are specific for the Rickettsiaceae species have been identified.^[2]

Phylogeny of Rickettsiales

Other alphaproteobacteria

Rhodospirillales, Sphingomonadales, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhizobiales, etc.

Rickettsiales

SAR11 clade

Pelagibacter ubique

Mitochondria

Anaplasmataceae

	Ehrlichia

	Anaplasma

Wolbachia

Neorickettsia

Rickettsiaceae

	Rickettsia

Robust phylogeny of Rickettsiales from Williams et al. (2007)^[3]

References

^ Gupta, R. S. and Mok, A. (2007). Phylogenomics and signature proteins for the alpha Proteobacteria and its main groups. BMC Microbiology. 7:106. DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-7-106.
^ Gupta, R. S. (2005). Protein signatures distinctive of alpha proteobacteria and its subgroups and a model for alpha proteobacterial evolution. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 3:101-135. DOI: 10.1080/10408410590922393.
^ Williams, K. P.; Sobral, B. W.; Dickerman, A. W. (2007). "A Robust Species Tree for the Alphaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology 189 (13): 4578–4586. doi:10.1128/JB.00269-07. PMC 1913456. PMID 17483224. edit

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1. ロッキー山紅斑熱リケッチア感染の生物学 biology of rickettsia rickettsii infection
2. エーリキアの生物学 biology of ehrlichiae

English Journal

Male mating performance and cytoplasmic incompatibility in a wPip Wolbachia trans-infected line of Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta).

Moretti R, Calvitti M.Author information UTAGRI-ECO (Technical Unit for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Agro-Industrial System), CR ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Rome, Italy.AbstractWolbachia pipientis Hertig (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is a maternally inherited endosymbiont of a large number of insects and other arthropods that induces various effects on host reproductive biology. Among these, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a form of sterility induced in eggs produced by mating between infected males and females uninfected or infected by an incompatible Wolbachia strain. This phenomenon has been proposed as a potential way to produce functionally sterile males to be used in genetic control programmes. In this paper, we report on experiments carried out to evaluate the mating performances of males of an Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) (Diptera: Culicidae) line (ARwP), harbouring a new Wolbachia infection [the wPip strain from Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae)], in comparison with naturally infected males (SR line). ARwP males did not differ from SR males with regard to insemination capacity. Mating competitiveness did not differ significantly between lines in either laboratory or greenhouse conditions. Moreover, crosses with SR females were characterized by a 100% CI regardless of ARwP male age. All of these findings suggest that ARwP males may represent a very efficient tool for control programmes against Ae. albopictus based on the release of functionally sterile males.
Medical and veterinary entomology.Med Vet Entomol.2013 Dec;27(4):377-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01061.x. Epub 2012 Nov 22.
Wolbachia pipientis Hertig (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is a maternally inherited endosymbiont of a large number of insects and other arthropods that induces various effects on host reproductive biology. Among these, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a form of sterility induced in eggs produced
PMID 23171418

The toll and Imd pathways are not required for wolbachia-mediated dengue virus interference.

Rancès E, Johnson TK, Popovici J, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Zakir T, Warr CG, O'Neill SL.Author information School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.AbstractWolbachia blocks dengue virus replication in Drosophila melanogaster as well as in Aedes aegypti. Using the Drosophila model and mutations in the Toll and Imd pathways, we showed that neither pathway is required for expression of the dengue virus-blocking phenotype in the Drosophila host. This provides additional evidence that the mechanistic basis of Wolbachia-mediated dengue virus blocking in insects is more complex than simple priming of the host insect innate immune system.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2013 Nov;87(21):11945-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01522-13. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Wolbachia blocks dengue virus replication in Drosophila melanogaster as well as in Aedes aegypti. Using the Drosophila model and mutations in the Toll and Imd pathways, we showed that neither pathway is required for expression of the dengue virus-blocking phenotype in the Drosophila host. This provi
PMID 23986574

Molecular confirmation of co-infection by pathogenic Leptospira spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi in patients with acute febrile illness in Thailand.

Sonthayanon P, Chierakul W, Wuthiekanun V, Limmathurotsakul D, Amornchai P, Smythe LD, Day NP, Peacock SJ.Author information Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Tropical Hygiene, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Western Pacific Region, Communicable Disease Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Center for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.AbstractLeptospirosis and scrub typhus are major causes of acute febrile illness in rural Asia, where co-infection is reported to occur based on serologic evidence. We re-examined whether co-infection occurs by using a molecular approach. A duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed that targeted a specific 16S ribosomal RNA gene of pathogenic Leptospira spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi. Of 82 patients with an acute febrile illness who had dual infection on the basis of serologic tests, 5 (6%) had polymerase chain reaction results positive for both pathogens. We conclude that dual infection occurs, but that serologic tests may overestimate the frequency of co-infections.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.Am J Trop Med Hyg.2013 Oct;89(4):797-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0402. Epub 2013 Sep 3.
Leptospirosis and scrub typhus are major causes of acute febrile illness in rural Asia, where co-infection is reported to occur based on serologic evidence. We re-examined whether co-infection occurs by using a molecular approach. A duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed that targe
PMID 24002486

Japanese Journal

Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales : unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila

DUMLER J. S.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 2145-2165, 2001
NAID 80012692291

台湾の養殖テラピアにおけるリケッチア様微生物感染症の発生

Chern R.S.,Chao C.B.
魚病研究 29(2), 61-71, 1994
数種の養殖テラピアに大量斃死が発生し, それらから0.86±0.32×0.61±0.24μm のグラム陰性, TO2 およびEPC 細胞で増殖し, 人工培地では増殖しないリケッチア株の微生物が検出された. 感染魚はヘマトクリット値が低下し, 瀕死魚では臓器の至るところに顕著な白色の肉芽腫の形成, 脾臓の肥大が観察された. 実験感染は成立し, 低水温（15℃）における死亡率が高かった. オキシテトラ …
NAID 130000856860

Failed vertical transmission of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Rickettsiales : Rickettsiaceae) acquired from rickettsemic mice by Leptotrombidium pallidum (Acari, Trombiculidae)

TAKAHASHI M.
J.Med.Entomol. 31, 212-216, 1994
NAID 10005892078

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Rickettsiaceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Alphaproteobacteria
Order:	Rickettsiales
Family:	Rickettsiaceae; Pinkerton, 1936
Genera
	Rickettsia; Orientia; Wolbachia