関: N. europaea

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ellipsoidal soil bacteria (同)genus Nitrosomonas

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/30 10:32:18」(JST)

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Nitrosomonas europaea is a Gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and lives in several places such as soil, sewage, freshwater, the walls of buildings and on the surface of monuments especially in polluted areas where the air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.

Due to the large amounts of ammonia this bacterium needs to consume for energy to divide, cell division can take up to several days. This is perhaps one reason why this microbe is not studied very much. This microbe has been shown to be an ammonia-oxidizing soil bacterium and it is known to have a range of substrates that might be useful in bioremediation. Several studies are still being done with the bacterium, but will take some time due to the slow cell division rate and the high amounts of nitrogen needed to live.

While not using photosynthesis for energy is not unique, "burning" ammonia with oxygen is. Both are characteristics of Nitrosomonas europaea. This microbe tolerates a pH of 6.0-9.0, the optimal conditions being slightly basic; has an aerobic metabolism; and prefers a temperature between 20-30 degrees Celsius. Most are mobile with flagella located in the polar regions although some species are nonmobile.

The reaction catalysed by these bacteria is the first step in the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Nitrosomonas europaea are also important in the treatment of industrial and sewage waste in the first step of oxidizing ammonia to nitrate. Evidence suggests that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria contribute significantly to the global production of nitrous oxide (produced by the reduction of nitrite). Nitrosomonas europaea is also capable of degrading benzene as well as a variety of halogenated organic compounds, including trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. The ability of nitrifying organisms to degrade some pollutants may make these organisms attractive for controlled bioremediation in nitrifying soils and waters.

Nitrosomonas europaea is also accountable for nitric acid production which can cause the dissolution of some stone and other construction materials found on statues and in buildings.

Sources

Patrick Chain et al. (May 2003). "Complete Genome Sequence of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium and Obligate Chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea". Journal of Bacteriology 185 (9): 2759–2773. doi:10.1128/JB.185.9.2759-2773.2003. PMC 154410. PMID 12700255.
Nitrosomas europaea Genetic Code by the Joint Genome Project

English Journal

Japanese Journal

Expression, and Molecular and Enzymatic Characterization of Cu-Containing Nitrite Reductase from a Marine Ammonia-Oxidizing Gammaproteobacterium, Nitrosococcus oceani

Kondo Keitaro,Yoshimatsu Katsuhiko,Fujiwara Taketomo
Microbes and Environments 27(4), 407-412, 2012
… oceani was phylogenetically closer to its counterparts from denitrifying bacteria than that of the betaproteobacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. …
NAID 130001877554

アンモニア酸化細菌 Nitrosomonas europaea を用いたメタノールの生産に対する電子供与体の添加効果

王磊,田畠健治,蒲池利章,大倉一郎
Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 53(6), 319-326, 2010-11-01
… Nitrosomonas europaea, an autotrophic bacteria, can catalyze both the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and methane to methanol by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). … europaea obtains electrons for the AMO reaction by oxidation of ammonia and hydroxylamine. … europaea were investigated. …
NAID 10027974432

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リンク元	「ニトロソモナス・ユーロピア」「ニトロソモナス・エウロパエア」「N. europaea」
関連記事	「Nitrosomonas」

「ニトロソモナス・ユーロピア」

Nitrosomonas europaea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Prokaryota
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Beta Proteobacteria
Order:	Nitrosomonadales
Family:	Nitrosomonadaceae
Genus:	Nitrosomonas
Species:	N. europaea
Binomial name
	Nitrosomonas europaea; Winogradsky 1892
Synonyms
	Pseudomonas europaea (Winogradsky 1892) Migula 1895; Bacterium nitrosomonas Lehmann and Neumann 1899; Planococcus europaeus (Winogradsky 1892) Vuillemin 1913