ネオカリマスティクス目
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- Neocallimastix
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/27 15:33:53」(JST)
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| Neocallimastigomycota |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Fungi |
| Division: |
Neocallimastigomycota
M.J. Powell 2007[1] |
| Class: |
Neocallimastigomycetes
M.J. Powell 2007[1] |
| Order: |
Neocallimastigales
J.L. Li, I.B. Heath & L. Packer[2] |
| Family: |
Neocallimastigaceae |
| Type genus |
Neocallimastix
(I.B. Heath 1983) Vavra & Joyon |
| Genera |
|
Anaeromyces
Caecomyces
Cyllamyces
Neocallimastix
Orpinomyces
Piromyces
|
|
Wikispecies has information related to: Neocallimastigomycota |
Neocallimastigomycota is a phylum of anaerobic fungi, found in the digestive tracts of herbivores. It encompasses only one family.[1]
Contents
- 1 Discovery
- 2 Reproduction and growth
- 3 Metabolism
- 4 Polysaccharide-degrading activity
- 5 Spelling of name
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Discovery
The fungi in Neocallimastigomycota were first described by Orpin in 1975,[3] based on motile cells present in the rumen of sheep. Although the cells were first believed to be flagellates, it has since been shown that they are fungi related to the core chytrids. Prior to this, the microbial population of the rumen was believed to consist only of bacteria and protozoa. Since their discovery they have been isolated from the digestive tracts of over 50 herbivores, including ruminant and non-ruminant mammals and herbivorous reptiles.[4][5]
Reproduction and growth
These fungi reproduce in the stomach of ruminants through the use of zoospores that bears a kinetosome but lacks the nonflagellated centriole known in most chytrids,[1] and have been known to utilize horizontal gene transfer in their development of xylanase (from bacteria) and other glucanases.[6] The nuclear envelopes of their cells are notable for remaining intact throughout mitosis.[1]
Metabolism
Neocallimastigomycota lack mitochondria. Using hydrogenosomes to oxidize NADH to NAD+, they release H2 as a product.[6]
Polysaccharide-degrading activity
Neocallimastigomycota play an essential role in fibre-digestion in their host species. They are present in large numbers in the digestive tracts of animals which are fed on high fibre diets.[7] The polysaccharide degrading enzymes produced by anaerobic fungi can hydrolyse the most recalcitrant plant polymers and can degrade unlignified plant cell walls entirely.[8][9] The polysaccharide degrading enzymes are organised into a multiprotein complex, similar to the bacterial cellulosome[10]
Spelling of name
The Greek termination, "-mastix", referring to "whips", i.e. the many flagella on these fungi, is changed to "-mastig-" when combined with additional terminations in Latinized names.[11] The family name Neocallimastigaceae was originally incorrectly published as "Neocallimasticaceae" by the publishing authors which led to the coinage of the misspelled, hence incorrect "Neocallimasticales", an easily forgiven error considering that other "-ix" endings such as Salix goes to Salicaceae. Correction of these names is mandated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Art. 60. The corrected spelling is used by Index Fungorum.[12] Both spellings occur in the literature and on the WWW as a result of the spelling in the original publication.
References
- ^ a b c d e Hibbett, D.S., et al. (March 2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycological Research 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334.
- ^ Li, J.L., et al. (1993). "The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. II. Cladistic analysis of structural data and description of Neocallimasticales ord. nov". Can. J. Bot. 71 (3): 393–407. doi:10.1139/b93-044.
- ^ Orpin CG (December 1975). "Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis". J. Gen. Microbiol. 91 (2): 249–62. doi:10.1099/00221287-91-2-249. PMID 1462.
- ^ Ljungdahl LG (March 2008). "The cellulase/hemicellulase system of the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 and aspects of its applied use". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1125: 308–21. doi:10.1196/annals.1419.030. PMID 18378601.
- ^ Mackie RI, Rycyk M, Ruemmler RL, Aminov RI, Wikelski M (2004). "Biochemical and microbiological evidence for fermentative digestion in free-living land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus) and marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on the Galápagos archipelago". Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 (1): 127–38. doi:10.1086/383498. PMID 15057723.
- ^ a b C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5
- ^ Ho YW, Bar DJS (1995). "Classification of anaerobic gut fungi from herbivores withemphasis on rumen fungi from Malaysia". Mycologia 87 (5): 655–77. doi:10.2307/3760810. JSTOR 3760810.
- ^ Akin DE, Borneman WS (October 1990). "Role of rumen fungi in fiber degradation". J. Dairy Sci. 73 (10): 3023–32. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78989-8. PMID 2178175.
- ^ Selinger LB, Forsberg CW, Cheng KJ (October 1996). "The rumen: a unique source of enzymes for enhancing livestock production". Anaerobe 2 (5): 263–84. doi:10.1006/anae.1996.0036. PMID 16887555.
- ^ Wilson CA, Wood TM (1992). "Studies on the cellulase of the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis, with special reference to the capacity of the enzyme to degrade crystalline cellulose". Enzyme and Microbial Technology 14 (4): 258–64. doi:10.1016/0141-0229(92)90148-H.
- ^ combform3.qxd
- ^ Suprafamilial Names
External links
- Neocallimastigomycota at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- NIH
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Opisthokont: Fungi classification, fungal orders
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- Domain
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukaryota
- (Kingdom
- Plant
- Hacrobia
- Heterokont
- Alveolata
- Rhizaria
- Excavata
- Amoebozoa
- Animal
- Fungi)
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|
| Dikarya |
| Ascomycota |
| saccharomyceta |
| Pezizomycotina |
| leotiomyceta |
- Geoglossomycetes
- dothideomyceta (Arthoniomycetes/ Dothideomycetes)
- Eurotiomycetes
- Lecanoromycetes
- sordariomyceta ((Leotiomycetes (Sordariomycetes/ Laboulbeniomycetes))
- Lichinomycetes
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| Other |
- Orbiliomycetes
- Pezizomycetes
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|
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| Saccharomycotina |
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|
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| Taphrinomycotina |
- Archaeorhizomycetes
- Neolectomycetes
- Pneumocystidomycetes
- Schizosaccharomycetes
- Taphrinomycetes
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|
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| Basidiomycota |
- Pucciniomycotina
- Ustilaginomycotina
- Agaricomycotina
- Urediniomycetes
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|
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| Glomeromycota |
- Glomerales
- Diversisporales
- Paraglomerales
- Archaeosporales
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| Zygomycota |
| Mucoromycotina |
- Endogonales
- Mucorales
- Chaetocladiaceae
- Choanephoraceae
- Cunninghamellaceae
- Gilbertellaceae
- Mortierellaceae
- Mucoraceae
- Mycotyphaceae
- Phycomycetaceae
- Pilobolaceae
- Radiomycetaceae
- Saksenaeaceae
- Syncephalastraceae
- Thamnidiaceae
- Umbelopsidaceae
- Mortierellales
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| Entomophthoromycotina |
- Entomophthorales
- Basidiobolaceae
- Ancylistaceae
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| Kickxellomycotina |
- Asellariales
- Kickxellales
- Dimargaritales
- Harpellales
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| Zoopagomycotina |
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| Other |
- Blastocladiomycota
- Chytridiomycota/Neocallimastigomycota
- Microsporidia
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English Journal
- Bioaugmentation with an anaerobic fungus in a two-stage process for biohydrogen and biogas production using corn silage and cattail.
- Nkemka VN1, Gilroyed B2, Yanke J1, Gruninger R1, Vedres D1, McAllister T1, Hao X3.
- Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Jun;185:79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.100. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
- Bioaugmentation with an anaerobic fungus, Piromyces rhizinflata YM600, was evaluated in an anaerobic two-stage system digesting corn silage and cattail. Comparable methane yields of 328.8±16.8mLg(-1)VS and 295.4±14.5mLg(-1)VS and hydrogen yields of 59.4±4.1mLg(-1)VS and 55.6±6.7mLg(-1)VS were ob
- PMID 25755016
- The effect of anaerobic fungal inoculation on the fermentation characteristics of rice straw silages.
- Lee SM1, Guan LL, Eun JS, Kim CH, Lee SJ, Kim ET, Lee SS.
- Journal of applied microbiology.J Appl Microbiol.2015 Mar;118(3):565-73. doi: 10.1111/jam.12724. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
- AIMS: To identify whether the supplement of anaerobic fungi isolates with cellulolytic activities accelerates the silage fermentation.METHODS AND RESULTS: Three fungal isolates with the highest cellulolytic activities among 45 strains of anaerobic fungal stock in our laboratory were selected and use
- PMID 25495284
- Construction of efficient xylose utilizing Pichia pastoris for industrial enzyme production.
- Li P1, Sun H2, Chen Z3,4, Li Y5, Zhu T6.
- Microbial cell factories.Microb Cell Fact.2015 Feb 21;14:22. doi: 10.1186/s12934-015-0206-8.
- BACKGROUND: Cellulosic biomass especially agricultural/wood residues can be utilized as feedstock to cost-effectively produce fuels, chemicals and bulk industrial enzymes, which demands xylose utilization from microbial cell factories. While previous works have made significant progress in improving
- PMID 25889970
Related Links
- Neocallimasticales information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. ... Search Specialists by State and City
- 英語をクリック → Neocallimasticales との組み合わせでEntrez を検索 プロタンパク質転換酵素2 (Proprotein Convertase 2); フェルラ酸 (ferulic acid); クロストリジウム・サーモセラム (Clostridium thermocellum); エンド-1,4β-キシラナーゼ (); ); ...
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