マイコプラズマ・ハイオニューモニエ
- 関
- M. hyopneumoniae
WordNet
- any of a group of small parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/09 18:50:58」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Mycoplasma hyopneumonaie |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
| Division: |
Firmicutes |
| Class: |
Mollicutes |
| Order: |
Mycoplasmatales |
| Family: |
Mycoplasmataceae |
| Genus: |
Mycoplasma |
| Species: |
M. hyopneumoniae |
| Binomial name |
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Maré and Switzer, 1965 |
Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Pathogenesis
- 3 Conclusions
- 4 References
Introduction
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a species of bacteria known to cause the disease Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia, a highly contagious and chronic disease affecting pigs (Whittlestone, 1979). As with other mollicutes, M. hyopneumoniae is gram positive, small in size (400 - 1200 nm), has a small genome (893 - 920 kilo-base pairs (kb)) and lacks a cell wall (Tajima et al., 1982). It is considered to be difficult to grow in laboratories due to its complex nutritional requirements and the high chances of contamination associated with mycoplasma culture. To successfully grow the bacterium, an environment of 5-10% carbon dioxide is required, and the medium should demonstrate an acid colour shift.
This bacterium is a concern in the livestock industry as it causes a significant reduction in the growing weight of pigs. Losses in the U.S.A. have been previously estimated at 200 million to 1 billion dollars per annum (Clark et al., 1991). Porcine enzootic pneumonia is endemic worldwide and M. hyopneumoniae is present in almost every pig herd (Minion, 2002). Treatment of this disease is limited to antibiotics, which are currently ineffective as they do not completely remove the infection. Vaccines have been found to reduce the severity of the disease but do not prevent the disease from occurring in infected pigs (Haesebrouck, et al., 2004).
Pathogenesis
M. hyopneumoniae has been found to attach to the cilia of epithelial cells in the lungs of swine. They cause cilia to stop beating (ciliostasis), clumping and loss of cilia, eventually leading to epithelial cell death; which is the source of the lesions found in the lungs of pigs with porcine enzootic pneumonia. This damage impedes normal ciliary clearance and often secondary infections develop. On a cellular level, mononuclear infiltration of peribronchiolar and perivascular areas occurs.
Sadly, the immune response caused by the presence of M. hyopneumoniae in pigs is slow and ineffective (Minion, 2002); it is also believed to cause much of the damage that is seen in pigs with the disease. This mycoplasma is not known to produce any specifically harmful toxin like many other disease-causing bacteria, but some mildly toxic by-products have been observed (Geary et al., 1985).
Conclusions
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been a topic of interest in the scientific community due to the economic impact of porcine enzootic pneumonia. Three separate strains (232, J & 7448) of this mycoplasma have had their genomes sequenced, making it the most sequenced mycoplasma (Minion et al., 2004; Vasconcelos et al., 2005). Research has been mainly focused on identifying adhesins with a final goal of developing an effective vaccine that prevents M. hyopneumoniae from attaching to lung cilia.
References
- Clark, L. K., C. H. Armstrong, M. J. Freeman, A. B. Scheidt, L. Sands-Freeman, and K. Knox. 1991. Investigating the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a swine herd with enzootic pneumonia. Veterinary Medicine 86:543-550.
- Geary, S. J., and E. M. Walczak. 1985. Isolation of a Cytopathic Factor from Mycoplasma-Hyopneumoniae. Infection and Immunity 48:576-578.
- Haesebrouck, F., F. Pasmans, K. Chiers, D. Maes, R. Ducatelle, and A. Decostere. 2004. Efficacy of vaccines against bacterial diseases in swine: what can we expect? Vet Microbiol 100:255-68.
- Maré, C. J. and W. P. Switzer 1965. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 60:841-846
- Minion, F. C. 2002. Molecular pathogenesis of mycoplasma animal respiratory pathogens. Frontiers in Bioscience 7:d1410-1422.
- Minion, F. C., E. J. Lefkowitz, M. L. Madsen, B. J. Cleary, S. M. Swartzell, and G. G. Mahairas. 2004. The genome sequence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 232, the agent of swine mycoplasmosis. J Bacteriol 186:7123-33.
- Tajima, M., and T. Yagihashi. 1982. Interaction of Mycoplasma-Hyopneumoniae with the Porcine Respiratory Epithelium as Observed by Electron-Microscopy. Infection and Immunity 37:1162-1169.
- Vasconcelos, A. T., H. B. Ferreira, C. V. Bizarro, S. L. Bonatto, M. O. Carvalho, P. M. Pinto, D. F. Almeida, L. G. Almeida, R. Almeida, L. Alves-Filho, E. N. Assuncao, V. A. Azevedo, M. R. Bogo, M. M. Brigido, M. Brocchi, H. A. Burity, A. A. Camargo, S. S. Camargo, M. S. Carepo, D. M. Carraro, J. C. de Mattos Cascardo, L. A. Castro, G. Cavalcanti, G. Chemale, R. G. Collevatti, C. W. Cunha, B. Dallagiovanna, B. P. Dambros, O. A. Dellagostin, C. Falcao, F. Fantinatti-Garboggini, M. S. Felipe, L. Fiorentin, G. R. Franco, N. S. Freitas, D. Frias, T. B. Grangeiro, E. C. Grisard, C. T. Guimaraes, M. Hungria, S. N. Jardim, M. A. Krieger, J. P. Laurino, L. F. Lima, M. I. Lopes, E. L. Loreto, H. M. Madeira, G. P. Manfio, A. Q. Maranhao, C. T. Martinkovics, S. R. Medeiros, M. A. Moreira, M. Neiva, C. E. Ramalho-Neto, M. F. Nicolas, S. C. Oliveira, R. F. Paixao, F. O. Pedrosa, S. D. Pena, M. Pereira, L. Pereira-Ferrari, I. Piffer, L. S. Pinto, D. P. Potrich, A. C. Salim, F. R. Santos, R. Schmitt, M. P. Schneider, A. Schrank, I. S. Schrank, A. F. Schuck, H. N. Seuanez, D. W. Silva, R. Silva, S. C. Silva, C. M. Soares, K. R. Souza, R. C. Souza, C. C. Staats, M. B. Steffens, S. M. Teixeira, T. P. Urmenyi, M. H. Vainstein, L. W. Zuccherato, A. J. Simpson, and A. Zaha. 2005. Swine and poultry pathogens: the complete genome sequences of two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of Mycoplasma synoviae. J Bacteriol 187:5568-77.
- Whittlestone, P. 1979. Porcine Mycoplasmas, p. 133-166. In J. G. Tully and R. F. Whitcomb (ed.), The Mycoplasmas, vol. II. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, expert reviewed and published by Wikivet at http://en.wikivet.net/Mycoplasma_hyopneumoniae, accessed 13/09/2011
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in vitro peptidase activities: Identification and cleavage of kallikrein-kinin system-like substrates.
- Moitinho-Silva L, Kondo MY, Oliveira LC, Okamoto DN, Paes JA, Machado MF, Veronez CL, Motta G, Andrade SS, Juliano MA, Ferreira HB, Juliano L, Gouvea IE.SourceLaboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2013 May 3;163(3-4):264-73. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.011. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
- Bacterial proteases are important for metabolic processes and pathogenesis in host organisms. The bacterial swine pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has 15 putative protease-encoding genes annotated, but none of them have been functionally characterized. To identify and characterize peptidases that c
- PMID 23421966
- Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid and convenient detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
- Li J, Minion FC, Petersen AC, Jiang F, Yang S, Guo P, Li J, Wu W.SourceKey Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.World J Microbiol Biotechnol.2013 Apr;29(4):607-16. doi: 10.1007/s11274-012-1216-x. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
- Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a novel method of gene amplification, was employed in this study for detecting Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the respiratory tract or lungs of swine. The pathogen can be detected in LAMP reactions containing as few as 10 fg purified target DNA (10 copies
- PMID 23184577
- Pre-infection of pigs with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induces oxidative stress that influences outcomes of a subsequent infection with a swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype.
- Deblanc C, Robert F, Pinard T, Gorin S, Quéguiner S, Gautier-Bouchardon AV, Ferré S, Garraud JM, Cariolet R, Brack M, Simon G.SourceAnses, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Virology Immunology Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France. celine.deblanc@anses.fr
- Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2013 Mar 23;162(2-4):643-51. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.028. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
- The severity of swine influenza is highly variable and can be exacerbated by many factors, such as a pre-infection of pigs with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp). The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress induced by Mhp and the impact of this stress on the evolution of an infection
- PMID 23266108
Japanese Journal
- Development of a blocking ELISA for detection of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> infection based on a monoclonal antibody against protein P65
- Development of a blocking ELISA for detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection based on a monoclonal antibody against protein P65
- Comparison of immune responses to intranasal and intrapulmonary vaccinations with the attenuated <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> 168 strain in pigs
Related Links
- Introduction [edit]. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a species of bacteria known to cause the disease Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia, a highly contagious and chronic disease affecting pigs (Whittlestone, 1979). As with other mollicutes, M.
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection or swine enzootic pneumonia in pigs.
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- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
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