1メチル4フェニルピリジニウム

関: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

WordNet

the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m

PrepTutorEJDIC

Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/11 23:19:52」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged molecule with chemical formula C₁₂H₁₂N⁺. It is toxic and acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and cell death.^[1] Mitochondria in cells treated with MPP+ also display a phenotype indicative of apoptosis: small, round, and fewer in number.^[2] It also inhibits the synthesis of catecholamines, reduces levels of dopamine and cardiac norepinephrine, and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase.^[1]

The neurotoxin MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. MPP+-induced neurodegeneration is specific to dopamine neurons and can be prevented by drug treatment or by limiting the function of the dopamine transporter.^[3]

The chloride salt of MPP+ has been used as a herbicide under the trade name cyperquat and is structurally similar to the herbicide paraquat.

In a rat model of Parkinson's disease, nobiletin, a flavonoid found in citrus, can rescue dopaminergic neurons from degeneration caused by treatment with MPP+.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b PubChem Compound entry on MPP+
^ Wiemerslage L, Lee D (2016). "Quantification of mitochondrial morphology in neurites of dopaminergic neurons using multiple parameters.". J Neurosci Methods. PMID 26777473. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.01.008.
^ Wiemerslage L, Schultz BJ, Ganguly A, Lee D (2013). "Selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by MPP(+) and its rescue by D2 autoreceptors in Drosophila primary culture.". J Neurochem. 126 (4): 529–40. PMC 3737274 . PMID 23452092. doi:10.1111/jnc.12228.
^ Jeong, Kyoung Hoon; Jeon, Min-Tae; Kim, Heung Deok; Jung, Un Ju; Jang, Min Cheol; Chu, Jin Woo; Yang, Seung Jun; Choi, Il Yoon; Choi, Myung-Sook (2014-10-17). "Nobiletin Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Treated Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease". Journal of Medicinal Food. 18 (4): 409–414. ISSN 1096-620X. doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.3241.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 女性における筋膜性骨盤痛症候群の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women
2. 女性における筋筋膜性骨盤痛症候群の治療 treatment of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women
3. 女性における筋膜性骨盤痛症候群の管理のための骨盤底の運動療法 pelvic floor physical therapy for management of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women
4. 女性の性交痛の原因および治療 causes and treatment of sexual pain in women
5. 外陰部痛の治療 treatment of vulvodynia

English Journal

Duration of euthymia and predominant polarity in bipolar disorder.

Vidal-Rubio SL1, Balanzá-Martínez V2, Cuenca M3, Vila-Francés J4, Vieta E5, Romeu JE6.
Journal of affective disorders.J Affect Disord.2018 Dec 1;241:356-359. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 4.
PMID 30144718

Impact of predominant polarity on long-term outcome in bipolar disorder: A 7-year longitudinal cohort study.

Belizario GO1, Silva M2, Lafer B3.
Journal of affective disorders.J Affect Disord.2018 Dec 1;241:37-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.086. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
PMID 30096590

Hydrogen exerts neuroprotective effects on OGD/R damaged neurons in rat hippocampal by protecting mitochondrial function via regulating mitophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.

Wu X1, Li X1, Liu Y2, Yuan N3, Li C4, Kang Z5, Zhang X1, Xia Y1, Hao Y1, Tan Y6.
Brain research.Brain Res.2018 Nov 1;1698:89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.028. Epub 2018 Jun 27.
PMID 29958907

Japanese Journal

The Road Map for Megakaryopoietic Lineage from Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Stem cells translational medicine 6(8), 1661-1665, 2017-08
NAID 120006343884

背後ハニカム構造を有するMPP吸音体の実装実験

音響技術 46(2), 58-62, 2017-06
NAID 120006353765

メーカーのショップ戦略三菱電機住環境システムズ全国MPPリーダーミーティングを開催スマート電化など新分野へ果敢にチャレンジを : 参加した三菱ストア後継者らにアピール

アントろピテクスエレクトロ人 = Anthropithecus electrojin : 家電の雑誌 61(3), 24-26, 2017-03
NAID 40021153455

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関連記事	「MP」「M」「MPP」

「MP」

MPP+
Names
	IUPAC name 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium
	Other names Cyperquat; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine
Identifiers
CAS Number	39794-99-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:641 ;
ChemSpider	36101 ;
EC Number	248-939-7
IUPHAR/BPS	4568;
MeSH	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
PubChem CID	39484;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H12N/c1-13-9-7-12(8-10-13)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-10H,1H3/q+1 Key: FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES C[n+]1ccc(cc1)c2ccccc2 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H12N+
Molar mass	170.25 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

「M」

　　[★] メチオニン methionine 　　

「MPP」

　　[★]

関: See Matrix-processing peptidase

[pubchem-1] PubChem Compound entry on MPP+

[pmid26777473-2] Wiemerslage L, Lee D (2016). "Quantification of mitochondrial morphology in neurites of dopaminergic neurons using multiple parameters.". J Neurosci Methods. PMID 26777473. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.01.008.

[pmid23452092-3] Wiemerslage L, Schultz BJ, Ganguly A, Lee D (2013). "Selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by MPP(+) and its rescue by D2 autoreceptors in Drosophila primary culture.". J Neurochem. 126 (4): 529–40. PMC 3737274 . PMID 23452092. doi:10.1111/jnc.12228.

[4] Jeong, Kyoung Hoon; Jeon, Min-Tae; Kim, Heung Deok; Jung, Un Ju; Jang, Min Cheol; Chu, Jin Woo; Yang, Seung Jun; Choi, Il Yoon; Choi, Myung-Sook (2014-10-17). "Nobiletin Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Treated Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease". Journal of Medicinal Food. 18 (4): 409–414. ISSN 1096-620X. doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.3241.

v t e Pest control: herbicides
Anilides/anilines	acetochlor alachlor asulam benfluralin butachlor diethatyl diflufenican dimethenamid flamprop metazachlor metolachlor pendimethalin pretilachlor propachlor propanil trifluralin
Aromatic acids	aminopyralid chloramben clopyralid dicamba picloram pyrithiobac quinclorac quinmerac
Arsenicals	cacodylic acid copper arsenate DSMA MSMA
Organophosphorus	bensulide bialaphos ethephon fosamine glufosinate glyphosate piperophos
Phenoxy	2,4-D 2,4-DB dichlorprop fenoprop MCPA MCPB 2,4,5-T
Pyridines	dithiopyr fluroxypyr imazapyr thiazopyr triclopyr
Quaternary	diquat MPP paraquat
Triazines	ametryn atrazine cyanazine hexazinone prometon prometryn propazine simazine simetryn terbuthylazine terbutryn
Ureas	chlortoluron DCMU linuron metsulfuron-methyl monolinuron tebuthiuron
Others	3-AT aminocyclopyrachlor bromoxynil clomazone DCBN dinoseb juglone mesotrione methazole metam sodium metamitron metribuzin sulfentrazone

v t e Monoamine neurotoxins
Adrenergic	DSP-4 Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
Dopaminergic	Fenpropathrin Methamphetamine MPP⁺ MPTP Norsalsolinol Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) Rotenone
Serotonergic	3-CA 4-CAB 5,7-DHT α-Me-DA (3,4-DHA) αET αMT DCA MDA MDMA PBA PCA PIA
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Melatonergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors • Monoamine releasing agents • Monoamine metabolism modulators

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MPP+