関: Atelinae、spider monkey、woolly monkey

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woolly monkeys (同)genus Lagothrix

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/06 07:06:41」(JST)

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The woolly monkeys are the genus Lagothrix of New World monkeys, usually placed in the family Atelidae.

The four species of woolly monkey all originate from the rainforests of South America. They have prehensile tails and live in relatively large social groups.

One species of woolly monkey, the yellow-tailed woolly monkey, has recently been placed in the genus Oreonax.

Anatomy

Woolly monkeys have coat colour variations including dark brown, red-brown, gray and olive. Their back sides are usually lighter in color than their under-belly sides. They have black faces, and the palms of their hands are a deep pink color. Their tails are long and thick and a strong enough to support the animals' full body weight. The species has a prehensile tail which grips on tight to branches, acting as a fifth limb and enabling the animal to forage while hanging on to a branch with its tail. Woolly monkeys weigh an average of 17 lb (7.7 kg), though males are substantially larger than females.

Habitat and social behaviour

Woolly monkeys are found throughout the northern countries of South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru). They usually reside in high-elevation cloud forests, seasonally flooded rainforests and forests which are situated within Colombia's eastern plains region, although their ideal habitat is humid and mature tropical forests.

The species lives in social groups ranging from 10 to 45 individuals. Foraging groups, however, tend to consist of two to six individuals which branch out from the main group, which is probably intended to reduce food competition between individuals. Woolly monkey diets consist of fruit with an addition of leaves, seeds, flowers and invertebrates. Each group is governed and led by an alpha male, and the social organization within a larger group is organized by age, sex, and the reproductive status of females. Reproduction in these groups is characterized by promiscuity; one male (either the alpha or subordinate) will mate with more than one female, just as females will mate with more than one male. Shortly after the females reach maturity, they leave their natal (birth) groups to avoid any occurrence of inbreeding, while males tend to remain in their natal groups.

Play sessions among individuals not only serves as a bonding process to rekindle relationships among individuals, but is also a way the species establishes a hierarchy or social pecking order, as well as passive food sharing, which is also considered a common routine in the species. Woolly monkeys have an elaborate system of vocalization and olfactory, visual and tactile communication. These can be used to coordinate group activities, indicate aggression, affection and marking, and establish territories.

Predation and preservation

Woolly monkeys are hunted by a variety of species of eagles and cats, such as the jaguar. Its main predator, however, is humans, who hunt the species both for nutrition and for the illegal pet trade. Habitat encroachment is also threatening the survival of the species; all these factors are believed to be the cause of the species' recent decline. Woolly monkeys are now considered highly endangered, and captive individuals are bred to ensure the survival of the species as part of the International Breeding Program for Endangered Species.

Species list

Brown woolly monkey, Lagothrix lagotricha
Gray woolly monkey, Lagothrix cana
- L. c. cana
- L. c. tschudii
Colombian woolly monkey, Lagothrix lugens
Silvery woolly monkey, Lagothrix poeppigii

References

^ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 151–152. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.

External links

Primate Info Net Lagothrix Factsheets
[1]

English Journal

The natural place to begin: the ethnoprimatology of the Waorani.

Papworth S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Slocombe K.SourceDivision of Ecology and Evolution, Imperial College, Ascot, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
American journal of primatology.Am J Primatol.2013 Nov;75(11):1117-28. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22173. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Ethnoprimatology is an important and growing discipline, studying the diverse relationships between humans and primates. However there is a danger that too great a focus on primates as important to humans may obscure the importance of other animal groups to local people. The Waorani of Amazonian Ecu
PMID 23818096

Bimodal evolution of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family in New World primates.

Cadavid LF, Palacios C, Lugo JS.SourceDepartment of Biology and Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cr. 30 no. 45-08, Bogotá, Colombia, lfcadavidg@unal.edu.co.
Immunogenetics.Immunogenetics.2013 Oct;65(10):725-36. doi: 10.1007/s00251-013-0719-4. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
The immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene family in New World primates (Platyrrhini) has been characterized only in the owl monkey (Aotus sp.). To gain a better understanding of the KIR system in Platyrrhini, we analyzed a KIR haplotype in Ateles geoffroyi, and sequenced KIR complementary DNAs (cD
PMID 23846852

Primate abundance and habitat preferences on the lower Urubamba and Tambo rivers, central-eastern Peruvian Amazonia.

Aquino R, Cornejo FM, Heymann EW.SourceFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Apartado 575, Iquitos, Peru.
Primates; journal of primatology.Primates.2013 Oct;54(4):377-83. doi: 10.1007/s10329-013-0357-3. Epub 2013 May 10.
We report information on population density, group size, and habitat preferences of primates along the lower Río Urubamba and in the Río Urubamba-Río Tambo interfluvium, in central-eastern Peruvian Amazonia, an area that has been little explored with regard to its primate fauna. During 425 km of
PMID 23661029

Japanese Journal

Yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) proximal spacing and forest strata use in La Esperanza, Peru

Shanee Sam
Primates 55(4), 515-523, 2014-10
NAID 40020233691

コロンビア・マカレナ地方におけるウーリーモンキー (Lagothrix lagotricha lugens) の小型脊椎動物食および昆虫食について

西邨顕達
霊長類研究　Supplement 29(0), 104, 2013
… の動物採食時間割合がわかってきたが，それ以上の詳細は不明である．この研究では何種類かの動物について，捕食方法を述べる．本発表のデータはコロンビア国立マカレナ・ティニグア自然公園に生息するウーリーモンキー (Lagothrix lagotricha lugens) を対象に，1987－2002年，いわゆるアドリブ観察で得られた．結果：以下の 3種類の動物の捕食について述べる．①カエル，トカゲおよび大型の昆虫 (バッタ，カマキリ等). …
NAID 130004654701

Glenohumeral joint surface characters and its relation to forelimb suspensory behavior in three ateline primates, Ateles, Lagothrix, and Alouatta

Kagaya Miyuki
Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon 115(1), 17-23, 2007-04-01
NAID 10018910479

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ウーリーモンキー属」「woolly monkey」「Atelinae」「ラゴトリクス属」「spider monkey」
拡張検索	「Lagothrix属」

「ウーリーモンキー属」

Woolly monkeys
	L. lagotricha
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Atelidae
Subfamily:	Atelinae
Genus:	Lagothrix; É. Geoffroy, 1812
Type species
	Simia lagotricha; Humboldt, 1812
Species
	Lagothrix lagotricha; Lagothrix cana; Lagothrix lugens; Lagothrix poeppigii

　　[★]

ラ: Lagothrix
関: ウーリーモンキー、Lagothrix属、クモザル、ラゴトリクス属、クモザル亜科

「woolly monkey」

　　[★]

ウーリーモンキー

関: Atelinae、Lagothrix、spider monkey

「Atelinae」

　　[★]

クモザル亜科

関: Lagothrix、spider monkey、woolly monkey

「ラゴトリクス属」

　　[★]

ラ: Lagothrix
関: ウーリーモンキー属、Lagothrix属

「spider monkey」

　　[★]

クモザル

関: Atelinae、Lagothrix、woolly monkey

「Lagothrix属」

　　[★]

ラ: Lagothrix
関: ウーリーモンキー属、ラゴトリクス属

[msw3-1] Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 151–152. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.

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案内

Lagothrix