WordNet

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)h

PrepTutorEJDIC

蛋白(たんばく)質
hydrogenの化学記号
鉛筆の硬度 / 《俗》heroin

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1. プロテインＳ欠乏症 protein s deficiency
2. プロテインＣ欠乏症 protein c deficiency
3. 第V因子ライデンと活性化プロテインC抵抗性 factor v leiden and activated protein c resistance
4. 肥大型心筋症：遺伝子変異および臨床遺伝子検査 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene mutations and clinical genetic testing
5. 維持透析患者における蛋白質摂取 protein intake in maintenance hemodialysis patients

English Journal

Downregulation of microRNA-15b by hepatitis B virus X enhances hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via fucosyltransferase 2-induced Globo H expression.

Wu CS1, Yen CJ, Chou RH, Chen JN, Huang WC, Wu CY, Yu YL.Author information 1The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.AbstractGlobo H, a cancer-associated carbohydrate antigen, is highly expressed in various types of cancers. However, the role of Globo H in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In our study, we performed glycan microarray analysis of 134 human serum samples to explore anti-Globo H antibody changes and found that Globo H is upregulated in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive HCC. Similarly, immunohistochemistry showed that Globo H expression was higher in tumors compared to normal tissues. In addition, fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2), the main synthetic enzyme of Globo H, was also increased in HCC cells overexpressing HBV X protein (HBX). HBX plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation and may be related to increased levels of FUT2 and Globo H. Furthermore, using microRNA profiling, we observed that microRNA-15b (miR-15b) was downregulated in patients with HCC and confirmed association of FUT2 expression with expression of its product, Globo H. Therefore, our results suggest that HBX suppressed the expression of miR-15b, which directly targeted FUT2 and then increased levels of Globo H to enhance HCC cell proliferation. Additionally, proliferation of HBX-overexpressing HCC cells was significantly inhibited by treatment with Globo H antibody in vitro. In xenograft animal experiments, we found that overexpression of miR-15b effectively suppressed tumor growth. The newly identified HBX/miR-15b/FUT2/Globo H axis suggests one possible molecular mechanism of HCC cell proliferation and represents a new potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Apr 1;134(7):1638-47. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28501. Epub 2013 Oct 15.
Globo H, a cancer-associated carbohydrate antigen, is highly expressed in various types of cancers. However, the role of Globo H in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In our study, we performed glycan microarray analysis of 134 human serum samples to explore anti-Globo H antibody change
PMID 24122375

Hepatitis B virus X increases immune cell recruitment by induction of chemokine SDF-1.

Cho HK1, Kim SY1, Seong JK2, Cheong J3.Author information 1Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.2Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and Program for Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.3Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: molecule85@pusan.ac.kr.AbstractHepatitis B virus X protein is a major factor in the HBV-induced disease developments. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 is a small cytokine that is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes. We explored the role of HBx on recruitment of HBV-induced virus-nonspecific immune cells into liver. Immune cell recruitment and SDF-1 expression level significantly increased in livers of HBx-transgenic mice and X-box binding protein-1 significantly increased SDF-1 gene expression. Finally, we confirmed that immune cell recruitment into liver tissues of HBx-TG mice was diminished by a chemokine receptor antagonist. Therefore, HBx increases ER stress-dependent SDF-1 expression and induces HBV-induced immune cell recruitment into liver.
FEBS letters.FEBS Lett.2014 Mar 3;588(5):733-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.017. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
Hepatitis B virus X protein is a major factor in the HBV-induced disease developments. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 is a small cytokine that is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes. We explored the role of HBx on recruitment of HBV-induced virus-nonspecific immune cells into liver. Immune cell recr
PMID 24462680

Long noncoding RNAs: Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma.

He Y1, Meng XM1, Huang C1, Wu BM1, Zhang L1, Lv XW1, Li J2.Author information 1School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.2School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address: heyongR99@163.com.AbstractRecent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is anticipated that more efforts should be made to clarify the lncRNAs world. Moreover, accumulating studies have demonstrated that a class of lncRNAs are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis or diagnosis. In this review, we will briefly discuss the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs in HCC, therefore evaluating the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2014 Mar 1;344(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.021. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
Recent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved i
PMID 24183851

Japanese Journal

B型慢性肝炎におけるTGF-βシグナル伝達

村田美樹
関西医科大学雑誌 62, 13-19, 2010
… Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is suspected to participate in oncogenesis during chronic hepatitis B progression. … Although HBx does not bind DNA directly, HBx activates Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways such as p38, Erk and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in uncontrolled proliferation and invasion of hepatic tumor cells. …
NAID 130000666055

Impact of hepatitis B virus X protein on the DNA damage response during hepatocarcinogenesis

MATSUDA Yasunobu,ICHIDA Takafumi
Medical molecular morphology : official journal of the Japanese Society for Clinical Molecular Morphology 42(3), 138-142, 2009-09-01
NAID 10025860136

1P461 The homeobox-containing protein, Hbx3 is implicated in tip formation and prespore differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum(21. Development and differentiation,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS &BSJ 2006)