HBs抗原。B型肝炎表面抗原 hepatitis B surface antigen

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/12 23:14:57」(JST)

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The genome organisation of HBV. The genes overlap. (ORF S, in green, encodes HBsAg)

HBsAg

HBsAg is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It indicates current hepatitis B infection.

Structure and function [edit]

The viral envelope of enveloped virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus which act as antigens. These antigens are recognized by antibody proteins that bind specifically to one of these surface proteins.

Immunoassay [edit]

Today, these antigen-proteins can be a genetically manufactured (e.g. transgene E. coli) to produce material for a simple antigen test, which detects the presence of HBV.

It is present in the sera of patients with viral hepatitis B (with or without clinical symptoms). Patients who developed antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBsAg seroconversion) are usually considered non-infectious. HBsAg detection by immunoassay is used in blood screening, to establish a diagnosis of hepatitis B infection in the clinical setting (in combination with other disease markers) and to monitor antiviral treatment.

In histopathology, the presence of HBsAg is more commonly demonstrated by the use of the Shikata orcein technique, which uses a natural dye to bind to the antigen in infected liver cells.^[1]

History [edit]

It is commonly referred to as the Australia Antigen. This is because it was first isolated by the American research physician and Nobel Prize winner Baruch S. Blumberg in the serum of an Australian Aboriginal person.^[2] It was discovered to be part of the virus that caused serum hepatitis by virologist Alfred Prince in 1968.

Heptavax, a "first-generation" hepatitis B vaccine in the 1980s, was made from HBsAg extracted from the blood plasma of hepatitis patients. Current vaccines are made from recombinant HBsAg grown in yeast.

References [edit]

^ Guarascio, P. et al. (1983). "Value of copper-associated protein in diagnostic assessment of liver biopsy". Journal of Clinical Pathology 36 (1): 18–23. PMC 498098. PMID 6185545.
^ Blumberg B, Alter H (1965). "A "new" antigen in leukemia sera". JAMA 191: 101–106.

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English Journal

Programmed hepatocytes cell death associated with FLIP downregulation in response to extracellular PreS1/2.

Rojas MD, Peterson DL, Barboza L, Terán-Ángel G, Labastida-Moreno CA, Berrueta L, Salmen S.Author information Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela.AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection involves liver damage resulting in continuous cell injury and death. During HBV infection, hepatocytes exhibit changes in death receptor expression and in their susceptibility to death. These changes are observed not only in infected cells but also in bystander cells. Because excess viral surface protein (HBsAg) is secreted in large amounts as soluble particles containing preS proteins, the role of soluble preS1/2 in hepatocyte (HepG2) death modulation is an important issue to be explored. An increase of cell death induced by preS1/2 was observed. Also, cell death was associated with the down-regulation of FLIP and activation of caspase 8, caspase 9, and BID. Additionally, hepatocytes exhibited a sensitization to death mediated by the Fas receptor. These results, may contribute to understanding the role of envelope proteins (preS1/2) in the pathogenesis of HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 86:496-504, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2014 Mar;86(3):496-504. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23859. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection involves liver damage resulting in continuous cell injury and death. During HBV infection, hepatocytes exhibit changes in death receptor expression and in their susceptibility to death. These changes are observed not only in infected cells but also in bystan
PMID 24248906

Relationship between polymorphisms near the IL28B gene and spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lee DH, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Park NH, Cho Y, Lee YB, Yoo JJ, Lee M, Cho YY, Choi WM, Yu SJ, Yoon JH, Kim CY, Lee HS.Author information Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.AbstractPolymorphisms near the interleukin (IL) 28B gene have been proposed to be associated with spontaneous clearance of the hepatitis C virus. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between IL28B polymorphisms and the rate of spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance by means of meta-analysis. MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE were utilized to identify relevant studies. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were analysed together to assess the strength of the association. Subgroup analyses were mainly performed according to ethnicity. A total of 4028 cases with persistent chronic hepatitis B and 2327 spontaneously recovered controls were included from 11 studies. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs12979860, had no significant association with HBsAg seroclearance (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.14 in the dominant model; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.68-1.46 in the recessive model; and OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.82-1.09 in the allelic model). The SNP, rs12980275, had no significant association either (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.84-1.26 in the dominant model; OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.46-2.96 in the recessive model; and OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86-1.26 in the allelic model), nor did the SNP, rs8099917 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.77-1.15 in the dominant model; OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.34-1.62 in the recessive model; and OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.77-1.13 in the allelic model). Similarly, the results of subgroup analyses by ethnicity also showed no association in either the Asian group or non-Asian group. We concluded that there was no significant association between common IL28B polymorphisms and the rate of spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance.
Journal of viral hepatitis.J Viral Hepat.2014 Mar;21(3):163-70. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12193. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
Polymorphisms near the interleukin (IL) 28B gene have been proposed to be associated with spontaneous clearance of the hepatitis C virus. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between IL28B polymorphisms and the rate of spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance
PMID 24438678

Development of a reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR-based system for rapid detection and quantitation of hepatitis delta virus in the western Amazon region of Brazil.

Botelho-Souza LF1, Dos Santos Ade O2, Borzacov LM3, Honda ER3, Villalobos-Salcedo JM2, Vieira DS2.Author information 1Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ-RO), Laboratório Plataforma Técnica, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM), Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UNIR), Núcleo de Saúde, Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBIOEXP), Brazil. Electronic address: luan_botelho@hotmail.com.2Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ-RO), Laboratório Plataforma Técnica, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM), Brazil; Universidade Federal de Rondonia (UNIR), Núcleo de Saúde, Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBIOEXP), Brazil.3Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM), Brazil.AbstractThe hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a pathogen that causes a severe and rapidly progressive disease of hepatocytes. The measurement of viral load in the peripheral blood of patients with HDV infections is important for diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and support for follow-up studies of viral replication during the course of the disease. This study reports the development of an assay capable of detecting and quantifying the abundance of HDV particles in serum samples, based on reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Two standards for calibration were produced for determining the viral load of HDV: a cDNA cloned into a linear plasmid and a transcribed RNA. For validating this assay, 140 clinical samples of sera were used, comprising 100 samples from patients who tested positive for anti-HDV and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA; 30 samples from blood donors; 5 samples monoinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV); and 5 samples monoinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The HDV RT-qPCR assay performed better when calibrated using the standard based on HDV cDNA cloned into a linear plasmid, yielding an efficiency of 99.8% and a specificity of 100% in the in vitro assays. This study represents the first HDV RT-qPCR assay developed with clinical samples from Brazil and offers great potential for new clinical efficacy studies of antiviral therapeutics for use in patients with hepatitis delta in the western Amazon region.
Journal of virological methods.J Virol Methods.2014 Mar;197:19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a pathogen that causes a severe and rapidly progressive disease of hepatocytes. The measurement of viral load in the peripheral blood of patients with HDV infections is important for diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and support for follow-up studies of viral replic
PMID 24316446

Japanese Journal

Hepatitis B Reactivation in a Multiple Myeloma Patient with Resolved Hepatitis B Infection during Bortezomib Therapy : Case Report

TANAKA Hiroaki,SAKUMA Ikuo,HASHIMOTO Shinichiro,TAKEDA Yusuke,SAKAI Shio,TAKAGI Toshiyuki,SHIMURA Takanori,NAKASEKO Chiaki
Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology 52(1), 67-69, 2012-05-01
… It has recently been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative lymphoma during or after cytotoxic therapy occurs after the use of rituximab and stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. … This is the first reported case of HBV reactivation in an HBsAg-negative myeloma patient treated with bortezomib (BOR) as salvage therapy and not stem cell transplantation. …
NAID 10030615672