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A simplified drawing of the HBV particle and surface antigen

The genome organisation of HBV. The genes overlap. (ORF Core, at bottom left, encodes HBcAg.

HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein.^[1]^[2] It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).

HBeAg is the extracellular form of HBcAg, hence why the presence of both are markers of viral replication, and antibodies to these antigens are markers of a decline in replication.

Multiple protein products can be produced from the same DNA sequence. When "ORF Core" and "Pre C" are translated together, the result is "HBeAg".

Whereas HBcAg is considered "particulate" and it does not circulate in the blood, it is readily detected in hepatocytes after biopsy. "HBeAg" is considered "nonparticulate" or "secretory".^[3]

Both HBeAg and HBcAg are made from the same reading frame, but HBeAg is secreted from cells and accumulates in serum as an immunologically distinct soluble antigen. HBeAg is secreted and found in the serum of patients and serves as a marker of active replication in chronic hepatitis. Although the function of HBeAg is not clearly understood, one study demonstrated that it downregulated Toll-like receptor 2 expression on hepatocytes and monocytes leading to a decrease in cytokine expression. HBeAg is dispensable for replication, as mutant viruses with defects in the pre-C region are both infectious and pathogenic.^[4]

Tapasin can interact with HBcAg18-27 and enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against HBV.^[5]

References

^ Kimura T, Rokuhara A, Matsumoto A et al. (May 2003). "New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and relation between levels of HBcAg and HBV DNA". J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 (5): 1901–6. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.5.1901-1906.2003. PMC 154683. PMID 12734224.
^ Cao T, Meuleman P, Desombere I, Sällberg M, Leroux-Roels G (December 2001). "In vivo inhibition of anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) immunoglobulin G production by HBcAg-specific CD4(+) Th1-type T-cell clones in a hu-PBL-NOD/SCID mouse model". J. Virol. 75 (23): 11449–56. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11449-11456.2001. PMC 114731. PMID 11689626.
^ "TSRI - News and Publications". Retrieved 2009-01-03.
^ Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. page 2062
^ Chen X (May 2014). "Tapasin modification on the intracellular epitope HBcAg18-27 enhances HBV-specific CTL immune response and inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo.". Lab Invest. 94 (5): 478–90. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2014.6. PMID 24614195.

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1. B型肝炎ウイルス感染の診断 diagnosis of hepatitis b virus infection
2. B型肝炎のマネージメントの概要および症例 overview of the management of hepatitis b and case examples
3. 一般的なB型肝炎ウイルス亜種の臨床的意義および分子学的特徴 clinical significance and molecular characteristics of common hepatitis b virus variants
4. 慢性B型肝炎ウイルス感染に対する併用療法 combination therapy for chronic hepatitis b virus infection
5. HIV感染患者における慢性B型慢性肝炎ウイルス感染の治療前評価 pretreatment evaluation of chronic hepatitis b virus infection in the hiv infected patient

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Jia H1, Bai F2, Liu N1, Liang X2, Zhan P1, Ma C2, Jiang X3, Liu X4.
European journal of medicinal chemistry.Eur J Med Chem.2016 Nov 10;123:202-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.048. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
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Spradling PR1, Xing J2, Rupp LB3, Moorman AC2, Gordon SC3, Teshale ET2, Lu M3, Boscarino JA4, Schmidt MA5, Trinacty CM6, Holmberg SD2; Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study Investigators.
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