関: antibiotic G418、G418

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/12 11:00:57」(JST)

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G418 (Geneticin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1. It is produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea.^[1] G418 blocks polypeptide synthesis by inhibiting the elongation step in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.^[1] Resistance to G418 is conferred by the neo gene from Tn5 encoding an aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase, APT 3' II.^[1] G418 is commonly used in laboratory research to select genetically engineered cells (typically using the KanMX selectable marker).^[2] In general for bacteria and algae concentrations of 5 mg/L or less are used, for mammalian cells concentrations of approximately 400 mg/L are used for selection and 200 mg/L for maintenance. However, optimal concentration for resistant clones selection in mammalian cells depends on the cell line used as well as on the plasmid carrying the resistance gene, therefore antibiotic titration should be done to find the best condition for every experimental system. Titration should be done using antibiotic concentrations ranging from 100 mg/L up to 1400 mg/L. Resistant clones selection could require from 1 to up to 3 weeks.

G418 impurity profile

G418 is produced by fermentation and isolation processes and the G418 producing strain Micromonospora rhodorangea produces many other gentamycins while producing G418. The common impurities of G418 include gentamycin X2, gentamicin A, gentamycin C1, C2, C1a and C2a.^[3] The quality of G418 is not based on just the potency, but more on the selectivity defined by the killing curve of the sensitive cells vs the resistant cells. A good G418 product has the lowest LD₅₀ for sensitive cells (such as NIH 3T3) and the highest LD₅₀ (can be up to 5,000 μg/ml) for resistant cells (NIH 3T3 transfected with resistant genes). Gentamycins have almost no selectivity, except gentamycin X2.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "G418". InvivoGen. InvivoGen. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
^ "G418". labome.com. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
^ G418 impurity profile
^ G418 selectivity

English Journal

IPEC-J2 MDR1, a Novel High-Resistance Cell Line with Functional Expression of Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) for Drug Screening Studies.

Saaby L1, Helms HC2, Brodin B2.
Molecular pharmaceutics.Mol Pharm.2016 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump has been shown to affect drug distribution and absorption in various organs and to cause drug resistance in cancer therapy. The aim of this work was to develop a cell line to serve as a screening system for potential substrates of P-gp. This requires a cell line
PMID 26651362

Development of a system for multicopy gene integration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Semkiv MV1, Dmytruk KV1, Sibirny AA2.
Journal of microbiological methods.J Microbiol Methods.2016 Jan;120:44-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.023. Epub 2015 Oct 31.
In this study we describe construction and evaluation of a vector for multicopy integration in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this vector a modified selective marker and a reporter gene PHO8 (encoding alkaline phosphatase) were flanked with delta sequences of the Ty1 transposon. Modified by erro
PMID 26529647

Biochemical characterization of recombinant UDP-glucose: sterol 3-O-glycosyltransferase from Micromonospora rhodorangea ATCC 31603 and enzymatic biosynthesis of sterol-3-O-β-glucosides.

Hoang NH1, Hong SY2, Huong NL1, Park JW2.
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology.J Microbiol Biotechnol.2015 Dec 8. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1511.11003. [Epub ahead of print]
A uridine diphosphate-glucose: sterol glycosyltransferase-encoded gene, designated as mrSGT, was isolated and cloned from the established fosmid library of Micromonospora rhodorangea ATCC 27932 that usually produces the aminoglycoside antibiotic geneticin. The gene consists of 1,185 base pairs and e
PMID 26643965

Japanese Journal

Cloning and optimized expression of a neutral endoglucanase gene (ncel5A) from Volvariella volvacea WX32 in Pichia pastoris(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)

Li Jianfang,Tang Cunduo,Shi Hongling [他],Wu Minchen
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 111(5), 537-540, 2011-05
… Screening of multiple copies of the gene ncel5A in transformants was performed on YPD plates containing geneticin G418. …
NAID 110008661199

Identification and Efficient Utilization of Antibiotics for the Development of a Stable Transformation System in Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Takahashi Megumu,Mikami Koji,Mizuta Hiroyuki,Saga Naotsune
Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development 02(04), 2011
… Thus, to identify antibiotics suitable for the selection of stablytransformed cells, we tested the gametophyte for sensitivity to 6 antibiotics, ampicillin (Am), kanamycin (Km),hygromycin (Hm), geneticin (G418), chloramphenicol (Cm) and paromomycin (Pm), which are frequently employedas selection agents in the transformation of land plants and microalgae. …
NAID 120005469237

Production of Transgenic Pigs Harboring the Human Erythropoietin (hEPO) Gene Using Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Cho Seong-Keun,Hwang Kyu-Chan,Choi Yun-Jung [他],BUI Hong-Thuy,NGUYEN Van Thuan,PARK ChangKyu,KIM Jae-Hwan,KIM Jin-Hoi
The Journal of reproduction and development 55(2), 128-136, 2009-04-01
NAID 10024941439

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リンク元	「G418」「ジェネテシン」「antibiotic G418」

「G418」

G418
Names
	IUPAC name (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-Amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-methylaminooxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy- 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
	Other names Geneticin; O-2-Amino-2,7-didesoxy-D-glycero-α-D-gluco-heptopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-(3-desoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl- (1→6))-D-streptamin
Identifiers
CAS Number	49863-47-0
ChEMBL	ChEMBL215226
ChemSpider	21106441
DrugBank	DB04263
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H40N4O10/c1-6(25)14-11(27)10(26)9(23)18(32-14)33-15-7(21)4-8(22)16(12(15)28)34-19-13(29)17(24-3)20(2,30)5-31-19/h6-19,24-30H,4-5,21-23H2,1-3H3/t6-,7-,8+,9+,10+,11-,12-,13+,14?,15+,16-,17+,18+,19+,20-/m0/s1 Key: BRZYSWJRSDMWLG-NQRKCNNJSA-N ; InChI=1/C20H40N4O10/c1-6(25)14-11(27)10(26)9(23)18(32-14)33-15-7(21)4-8(22)16(12(15)28)34-19-13(29)17(24-3)20(2,30)5-31-19/h6-19,24-30H,4-5,21-23H2,1-3H3/t6-,7-,8+,9+,10+,11-,12-,13+,14?,15+,16-,17+,18+,19+,20-/m0/s1 Key: BRZYSWJRSDMWLG-NQRKCNNJBI ;
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
PubChem	123865
	SMILES O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](N)C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O[C@H]1OC[C@](C)(O)[C@H](NC)[C@H]1O)[C@H]2O)OC3[C@@H](O)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H40N4O10
Molar mass	496.56 g·mol−1
Solubility in water	50 mg/mL
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

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抗生物質G418、ジェネテシン

関: antibiotic G418、Geneticin

「ジェネテシン」

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英: Geneticin、G418
関: 抗生物質G418

「antibiotic G418」

　　[★]

抗生物質G418

関: G418、Geneticin

[In-1] "G418". InvivoGen. InvivoGen. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

[2] "G418". labome.com. Retrieved 2010-01-09.

[3] G418 impurity profile

[4] G418 selectivity

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案内

Geneticin